Conceptualization of CO2 Terminal for Offshore CCS Using System Engineering Process

Abstract

In this study, the basic configuration and operation concept of a CO2 terminal were identified by conducting a system engineering process. The performance goal of a CO2 terminal was determined by requirement analysis. Then, functions and timelines were derived by functional analysis to meet the performance goal. Equipment to perform the functions were defined and finally, a process flow block diagram of the CO2 terminal was acquired. The CO2 terminal in this study consisted of three parts. First, the CO2 loading/unloading part is responsible for liquid CO2 unloading from the carrier and loading vapor CO2 onto the carrier. Secondly, the liquid CO2 transmission part extracts liquid CO2 from the storage tanks and increases the pressure until it satisfies the offshore pipeline transportation condition. The vapor-treatment part collects boil-off gas, generates vapor CO2, and charges the storage tanks with vapor CO2 to control the pressure of the storage tanks that discharge liquid CO2. Finally, the study results were compared with a liquefied natural gas (LNG) terminal. The biggest difference between the CO2 terminal in this study and the LNG terminal is that a vaporizer is essential in the CO2 terminal due to the smaller storage capacity of the CO2 terminal and, therefore, the lower amount of boil-off gas.

Double Yields and Negative Emissions? Resource, Climate and Cost Efficiencies in Biofuels With Carbon Capture, Storage and Utilization

“…Liquefaction was carried out using a propane-base refrigeration unit. The electricity demand for liquefaction was taken from (Decarre et al, 2010) and the sizing of the temporary storage tanks was carried out in accordance with the options presented in (Noh et al, 2019).…”

“…GHG footprints from a well-to-wheel perspective were compiled in accordance with the standards specified in RED II (Noh et al, 2019). Following the RED II procedure, value-chain emissions were allocated to process streams equally on an energy basis up until the point where they diverged from each other.…”

Exergetic and Economic Evaluation of CO2 Liquefaction Processes

“…The CCS chain consists of three main parts [6,7]: carbon capture, transportation, and storage or utilization. Figure 1 shows alternative options along the CCS chain.…”

“…For example, "Full value chain CCS in one service" is offered by Aker Carbon Capture company (Norway) [10]. A very detailed study in the field of CCS chain is provided, for example, in [6,7,10]; however, the information about CO2 liquefaction processes is not provided. As the location of CO 2 storage is distributed, the transportation infrastructure should be developed to connect the capture and storage infrastructures.…”

“…For example "Full value chain CCS in one service" is offered by Aker Carbon Capture company (Nor way) [10]. A very detailed study in the field of CCS chain is provided, for example, in [6,7,10] however, the information about CO2 liquefaction processes is not provided. A very detailed study in the field of CCS chain is provided, for example, in [6,7,10]; however, the information about CO 2 liquefaction processes is not provided.…”