Conceptualization and measurement of ethnic identity: Current status and future directions.

Phinney, Jean S.; Ong, Anthony D.

doi:10.1037/0022-0167.54.3.271

Cited by 1,500 publications

(1,829 citation statements)

References 60 publications

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“…It can encompass both sense of identity and social relations and is often measured as how close one feels to, and how much time they prefer to spend with, co-ethnics (Phinney & Ong, 2007). Empirical evidence for the relationship between ethnic identity and U.S. length of stay is scant, but longitudinal studies find that ethnic identity decreases over time for Latinos adolescents (Pahl & Way, 2006).…”

Section: Ethnic Identitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Duration of U.S. stay and body mass index among Latino and Asian immigrants: A test of theoretical pathways

Bostean

2015

Social Science & Medicine

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Studies find that longer-term immigrants have higher body mass index (BMI) than their more recently-arrived counterparts. Most interpretations of these health patterns by duration of U.S. residence rely on theories of immigrant integration; they posit that with increasing time in the United States, immigrants incorporate economically, socially, and culturally into aspects of U.S. society, and that these changes impact health. Few studies empirically examine whether these aspects of integration are indeed mediators of the association between duration of U.S. stay and BMI, and if their patterns differ across immigrant subgroups. This study examines data from the National Latino and Asian American Survey, using path analytic methods to simultaneously test six hypothesized mediators between duration and BMI: household income, English language ability, ethnic identity, family cohesion, acculturative stress and discrimination for both Latino and Asian immigrants, stratified by gender. We find little evidence for an association between duration and BMI for either Latino or Asian men. For women, duration and BMI have a significant and positive relationship, although the pathways differ between the two ethnic groups.For Latina women, household income and acculturative stress are significant indirect pathways, although they work in opposing directions. For Asian women, English proficiency and discrimination are significant indirect pathways. Our findings reveal complex pathways between duration and BMI that vary by ethnicity and gender and highlight limitations in the negative acculturation theory, which suggests that exposure to the United States should have a net negative impact on health. In contrast, our findings suggest not all groups show declining health with longer duration, as measured by BMI, and that integration processes do not always translate into health differences in the expected directions. Future research on duration patterns may need to consider alternative explanations beyond incorporation-based processes, such as cross-national health theories or age, period, cohort effects.3

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Section: Ethnic Identitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Duration of U.S. stay and body mass index among Latino and Asian immigrants: A test of theoretical pathways

Bostean

2015

Social Science & Medicine

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“…In practice, the distinction between religious and national identities often is blurred: Within the ostensibly multicultural United Kingdom, many nativeborn British persons view members of national minority groups as "not really British" because of national minority group members' perceived lack of Christian beliefs, not because of national minority group members' immigrant status per se (Storm, 2011). Phinney and Ong (2007) noted that national identity is distinct from other types of ethnic identity. Indeed, Schwartz and colleagues (e.g., Schwartz et al, 2012) have adapted Phinney's MEIM (R. Roberts et al, 1999) (Howard, 2000).…”

Section: National Identity As Distinct From (Yet Related To) Racial Amentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Phinney (1990) contended that Marcia's distinction between exploration and commitment not only is relevant to understanding identity development in general but is especially relevant to understanding ethnic identity development in particular. Although Phinney (1992) initially argued that the 14-item version of the MEIM measured ethnic identity as a unitary construct, Phinney and colleagues subsequently contended that 12-item (R. Roberts et al, 1999) and 6-item (Phinney & Ong, 2007) versions of the MEIM measured exploration and commitment as separate yet related aspects of ethnic identity (e.g., Ong, Fuller-Rowell, & Phinney, 2010). Notwithstanding evidence that the 14-and 12-item versions of the MEIM may be understood more accurately as measures of cognitive, affective, and behavioural aspects of ethnic identity (e.g., Gaines et al, 2010; R. M. Lee & Yoo, 2004;Juang & Nguyen, 2010), the consensus view is that exploration and commitment underlie individuals' sense of ethnic identity (Umana-Taylor, 2011).…”

Section: Intercorrelations Among Racial Religious and National Idenmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Thus, we view racial identity as a core aspect of an individual's sense of ethnic identity. However, the question of whether the construct of racial identity can be subsumed within the broader construct of sense of ethnic identity (thus implying that the conceptualization and measurement of sense of ethnic identity among members of various ethnic groups should take priority over the conceptualization and measurement of racial identity among members of a particular racial group) is a matter of ongoing debate (e.g., Cokley, 2007;Helms, 2007;Phinney & Ong, 2007).…”

Section: Goffman's Interactionist Role Theorymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Multigroup Ethnic Identity Measure (MEIM) Expansion: Measuring Racial, Religious, and National Aspects of Sense of Ethnic Identity Within the United Kingdom

Gaines¹,

Marelich²,

Bunce³

et al. 2013

Identity

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In the present studies, we examined the degree to which racial, religious, and national aspects of individuals' sense of ethnic identity stand as interrelated yet distinct constructs. Results of exploratory factor analyses in Study 1 (n = 272) revealed that a three-factor model specifying racial, religious, and national identities yielded optimal fit to correlational data from an expanded, 36-item version of the Multigroup Ethnic Identity Measure (MEIM; Roberts et al., 1999), although results left room for improvement in model fit. Subsequently, results of confirmatory factor analyses in Study 2 (n = 291) revealed that, after taking covariance among the items into account, a six-factor model specifying exploration and commitment dimensions within each of the racial, religious, and national identity constructs provided optimal fit.Implications for the utility of Goffman's (1963b) interactionist role theory and Erikson's (1968) ego psychology for understanding the full complexity of felt ethnic identity are discussed.

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“…The ethnic identity strength of the participants was measured with the Multigroup Ethnic Identity Measure -Revised (MEIM-R) (Phinney & Ong, 2007;Yoon, 2011). This is a 6-item scale, where three questions measure exploration (i.e., I have spent time trying to find out more about my ethnic group, such as history, traditions, and customs) and three measure commitment (i.e., I feel a strong attachment toward my ethnic group).…”

Section: Ethnic Identity Strengthmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Combined Effect of Ethnic Identity Strength and Profiles on the Mental Health of Acadian University Students

Dupuis

Beaton

2018

minling

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Tous droits réservés © Institut canadien de recherche sur les minorités linguistiques / Canadian Institute for Research on Linguistic Minorities, 2018 Ce document est protégé par la loi sur le droit d'auteur. L'utilisation des services d'Érudit (y compris la reproduction) est assujettie à sa politique d'utilisation que vous pouvez consulter en ligne.https://apropos.erudit.org/fr/usagers/politique-dutilisation/ Cet article est diffusé et préservé par Érudit.Érudit est un consortium interuniversitaire sans but lucratif composé de l'Université de Montréal, l'Université Laval et l'Université du Québec à Montréal. Il a pour mission la promotion et la valorisation de la recherche. AbstractThis two-part study aims to examine the moderating effect of ethnic identity strength on the relationship between ethnic identity profiles and mental health among Acadian university students who occupy a relative minority or majority status in the province of New Brunswick. Study 1 tested the factorial structure of an ethnic identity profile measure for Acadian students. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses supported a three-factor model, resulting in Affirmation, Detachment and Insecurity profiles. In Study 2, results of the moderation analysis revealed that the combination of a strong ethnic identity and an Affirmation profile provides protection against mental health issues for minority-status Acadian students, but not for majority-status Acadian students. Conversely, the combinations of a strong ethnic identity with the Detachment and Insecurity profiles increased the vulnerability of minority-status Acadian students to mental health issues, but not that of majority-status students.

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Conceptualization and measurement of ethnic identity: Current status and future directions.

Cited by 1,500 publications

References 60 publications

Duration of U.S. stay and body mass index among Latino and Asian immigrants: A test of theoretical pathways

Duration of U.S. stay and body mass index among Latino and Asian immigrants: A test of theoretical pathways

Multigroup Ethnic Identity Measure (MEIM) Expansion: Measuring Racial, Religious, and National Aspects of Sense of Ethnic Identity Within the United Kingdom

The Combined Effect of Ethnic Identity Strength and Profiles on the Mental Health of Acadian University Students

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