Conceptualising Euro-Islam: managing the societal demand for religious reform

Yildiz, Ali Aslan; Verkuyten, Maykel

doi:10.1080/1070289x.2012.713863

Cited by 15 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…At the same time the members of advantaged majority groups often experience relatively strong normative pressures to avoid being seen as prejudiced or discriminatory (Dovidio & Gaertner, 1986). Therefore, in order to avoid being labelled as xenophobes but still being able to reject immigrants, majority members resort to avoiding a direct vocabulary of prejudice and instead talk about essential differences in culture and the genetic makeup of out-groups and the in-group (Yildiz & Verkuyten, 2012). Hence, out-group essentialization is higher with ethnic majority than minority members and in-group essentialization is higher with minority than majority members.…”

Section: Psychological Essentialism and Ethnic Majority–minority Relamentioning

confidence: 99%

When a majority becomes a minority: Essentialist intergroup stereotyping in an inverted power differential

Zeromskyte

Wagner

2016

Culture & Psychology

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This study is on the relationship between a dominant nominal Lithuanian majority and a Polish minority in regions with either a straight dominance of the majority or with a high proportion of minority members, who outnumber the national majority. Compared to 'normal' regions, the latter situation creates an inverted power differential that we expect to have an impact on how the two groups essentialize their own and the other group's ethnic identity, how they stereotype the out-group and how they cope with the perceived change in power balance by more or less disparaging the others. We analysed the discourse in eight focus group discussions with members of both groups comprising a total of 66 participants. As expected, the nominal minority exhibited a tendency to self-essentialize more than the majority in general. Members of the Lithuanian majority that was locally outnumbered by the minority also self-essentialized but to a lesser degree and additionally used marked arguments of in-group favouritism at the Poles' expense in their discourse. Members of the unambiguous majority were the most 'politically correct' participants by conspicuously favouring a non-generalising and anti-essentialist conversation. The findings are discussed in terms of inter-group relations and implications for politics.

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Section: Psychological Essentialism and Ethnic Majority–minority Relamentioning

confidence: 99%

When a majority becomes a minority: Essentialist intergroup stereotyping in an inverted power differential

Zeromskyte

Wagner

2016

Culture & Psychology

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“…Some Muslims and Muslim leaders present Euro-Islam as subverting or fundamentally altering the core of their religious identity, making change or reform impossible (Bilgrami, 1992). One way in which they respond to the societal demand to develop a Euro-Islam is to argue that this demand actually means that Western societies do not live up to their self-proclaimed and self-defining tradition of tolerance and religious freedom (Yildiz & Verkuyten, 2012). So, Muslim minorities can resist societal demands for change, reform, and assimilation by mobilizing the classical discourse of tolerance that appeals to principles and standards of conduct that European states themselves profess to have developed in response to 17th century religious conflicts.…”

Section: Tolerance and Intolerance In Discoursementioning

confidence: 99%

Tolerance and intolerance: Cultural meanings and discursive usage

Verkuyten

Kollár

2021

Culture & Psychology

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The notion of tolerance is widely embraced across many settings and is generally considered critical for the peaceful functioning of culturally diverse societies. However, the concepts of tolerance and intolerance have various meanings and can be used in different ways and for different purposes. The various understandings raise different empirical questions and might have different implications for the subject positions of those who are tolerant and those who are tolerated. In this study, we focus on cultural understandings of tolerance and intolerance and how these terms are used in discourses. We first describe how in an open-ended question in a national survey lay people use a classical and a more modern understanding of tolerance to describe situations of tolerance and intolerance. Second, we analyze how those who tolerate and those who are tolerated can flexibly use these different understandings of (in)tolerance for discursively making particular “us–them” distinctions. It is concluded that the notions of tolerance and intolerance have different cultural meanings which both can be used for progressive or oppressive ends.

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“…Euro-Islam is a relatively recent addition to the repertoire of concepts describing the possibilities for Islam in Europe that Muslim migrants and subsequent generation's herald (see Meer, 2012;Yildiz & Verkuyten, 2012). Beyond this there is little consensus amongst its main theoreticians.…”

Section: Euro-islam As a Multidirectional Processmentioning

confidence: 99%

Beyond “Methodological Islamism”? A Thematic Discussion of Muslim Minorities in Europe

Meer

Modood²

2013

AASoci

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In this discussion we offer an overview of the place of Muslim actors in European scholarship. We especially focus on the second and subsequent generations of European Muslims, and how future research agendas could conceptualise the relationship between contemporary Muslim identity and citizenship regimes in Europe. We explore the way in which our understanding is formed by a concern with socioeconomic processes, cultural adaptations and civic status. We include questions of citizenship and "difference", and the extent to which there has been a re-imagining and reforming of national collectivities in the face of Muslim claims-making. By claims-making we invoke a further register which centres on the creation of a Muslim infrastructure, perhaps through modes of religious pluralism (or opposition to it), and how this interacts with prevailing ideas that to greater and lesser extents inform public policies e.g., multiculturalism, interculturalism, cohesion, secularism, or Leitkulture, amongst others. While the latter register focuses more on nation-state politics, there is a further transnational dimension in the Muslim experience in Europe, and this assumes an important trajectory in the ways discussed. It is argued that Muslim identities in Europe contain many social layers that are often independent of scriptural texts; such that the appellation of "Muslim" can be appropriated without any unanimity on Islamic matters. We conclude by observing how this point is understudied, and as a consequence the dynamic features of Muslims' leadership in Europe remain unexplored.

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Conceptualising Euro-Islam: managing the societal demand for religious reform

Cited by 15 publications

References 19 publications

When a majority becomes a minority: Essentialist intergroup stereotyping in an inverted power differential

When a majority becomes a minority: Essentialist intergroup stereotyping in an inverted power differential

Tolerance and intolerance: Cultural meanings and discursive usage

Beyond “Methodological Islamism”? A Thematic Discussion of Muslim Minorities in Europe

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