“…Early investigations of interactive handheld use outlined a number of promising designs for classroom collaboration (i.e., DiGiano, Yarnall, Patton, Roschelle, Tatar, & Manley, 2003, Pinkwart, Hoppe, Milrad, & Perez, 2003. Kaput (2000) notes that such instructional designs for networked devices inherit long pedagogical traditions of classroom activity, organized at one of three levels-the whole (teacher-led) class, small groups, or individual students.…”