Conceptual priming as a determinant of presence in virtual environments

Nugent, David; Blake, Edwin

doi:10.1145/602349.602350

Cited by 7 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 18 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…The amount of time would partly depend on improvements in the pedestrian motion that can assign finer-scale behaviours to virtual characters [36,37], methodological changes rsif.royalsocietypublishing.org J. R. Soc. Interface 15: 20180335 such as psychological priming that can prepare the participants for crowded environments [38] and hardware capabilities which must present the environment at higher-resolution and wider fields of view and thus increase presence. Once in the virtual environment, bogus tasks may be created to train and engage the participant [18], such as counting all the fire exit signs in a room or finding virtual characters who are dressed in blue.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Drawing power of virtual crowds

Jorjafki

Sagarin

Butail

2018

J. R. Soc. Interface.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

In 1969, social psychologist Milgram and his colleagues conducted an experiment on a busy city street where passers-by witnessed a set of actors spontaneously looking up towards a building. The experiment showed that the crowd's propensity to mimic the actor's gaze increased with the number of actors that looked up. This form of behavioural contagion is found in many social organisms and is central to how information travels through large groups. With the advancement of virtual reality and its continued application towards understanding human response to crowd behaviour, it remains to be verified if behavioural contagion occurs in walkable virtual environments, and how it compares with results from real-world experiments. In this study, we adapt Milgram's experiment for virtual environments and use it to reproduce behavioural contagion. Specifically, we construct a replica of an indoor location and combine two established pedestrian motion models to create an interactive crowd of 60 virtual characters that walk through the indoor location. The stimulus group comprised a subset of the characters who look up at a random time as the participants explore the virtual environment. Our results show that the probability of looking up by a participant is dependent on the size of the stimulus group saturating to near certainty when three or more characters look up. The role of stimulus size was also evident when participant actions were compared with survey responses which showed that more participants selected to not look up even though they saw characters redirect their gaze upwards when the size of the stimulus group was small. Participants also spent more time looking up and exhibited frequent head turns with a larger stimulus group. Results from this study provide evidence that behavioural contagion can be triggered in the virtual environment, and can be used to build and test complex hypotheses for understanding human behaviour in a variety of crowd scenarios.

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Drawing power of virtual crowds

Jorjafki

Sagarin

Butail

2018

J. R. Soc. Interface.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Among these studies, some priming experiments are related to virtual reality (Pena, Hancock, & Merola, 2009;Nunez & Blake, 2003), but most of them explore the theory underlying the priming phenomenon. To our knowledge, there are no studies that use priming in the context of supporting question-and-answer dialogs in virtual reality, or even in reality.…”

Section: Priming Theorymentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effect of Priming Pictures and Videos on a Question–Answer Dialog Scenario in a Virtual Environment

Brinkman

Wiggers

et al. 2013

Presence: Teleoperators and Virtual Environments

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Having a free-speech conversation with avatars in a virtual environment can be desirable in virtual reality applications, such as virtual therapy and serious games. However, recognizing and processing free speech seems too ambitious to realize with the current technology. As an alternative, pre-scripted conversations with keyword detection can handle a number of goal-oriented situations, as well as some scenarios in which the conversation content is of secondary importance. This is, for example, the case in virtual exposure therapy for the treatment of people with social phobia, where conversation is for exposure and anxiety arousal only. A drawback of pre-scripted dialog is the limited scope of the user's answers. The system cannot handle a user's response that does not match the pre-defined content, other than by providing a default reply. A new method, which uses priming material to restrict the possibility of the user's response, is proposed in this paper to solve this problem. Two studies were conducted to investigate whether people can be guided to mention specific keywords with video and/or picture primings. Study 1 was a two-by-two experiment in which participants (n = 20) were asked to answer a number of open questions. Prior to the session, participants watched priming videos or unrelated videos. During the session, they could see priming pictures or unrelated pictures on a whiteboard behind the person who asked the questions. The results showed that participants tended to mention more keywords both with priming videos and pictures. Study 2 shared the same experimental setting but was carried out in virtual reality instead of in the real world. Participants (n = 20) were asked to answer questions of an avatar when they were exposed to priming material, before and/or during the conversation session. The same results were found: the surrounding media content had a guidance effect. Furthermore, when priming pictures appeared in the environment, people sometimes forgot to mention the content they typically would mention.

show abstract

“…An example of this is that driving home always seems to take less time than driving to a new location. Deliberate preconditioning on the other hand, or the intensity and nature of the task being performed, can force the user to attend to stimuli that they would otherwise ignore [Nunez and Blake 2003].…”

Section: The Perception Equationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Real virtuality

Chalmers

Howard

Moir

2009

Proceedings of the 25th Spring Conference on Computer Graphics

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Figure 1: The smell process from source, to capture, to delivery. AbstractHumans perceive the world with all five senses: visuals, audio, smell, touch and taste. Crossmodal effects, i.e. the interaction of the senses, can have a major influence on how environments are being perceived, even to the extent that large amounts of detail of one sense may be ignored when in the presence of other more dominant sensory inputs. Real Virtuality environments (also known as therereality T M ) are true high-fidelity multi-sensory virtual environments which provide the same perceptual response from viewers as if they were actually present, or "there" in the real scene being portrayed.Unlike traditional virtual reality environments, Real Virtuality allows all five senses to be stimulated concurrently in a natural way. This paper gives an overview of Real Virtuality, describes how such a system may be achieved, and shows why Real Virtuality is indeed a step-change from current virtual reality systems.

show abstract

Conceptual priming as a determinant of presence in virtual environments

Cited by 7 publications

References 18 publications

Drawing power of virtual crowds

Drawing power of virtual crowds

The Effect of Priming Pictures and Videos on a Question–Answer Dialog Scenario in a Virtual Environment

Real virtuality

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About