Conceptual models in exploration geochemistry

Bradshaw, Peter

doi:10.1016/0375-6742(75)90012-6

Cited by 23 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…Even the largest ore deposits ra re ly have dispersion tra in s detectable m ore than 10-20 kilom eters downstream , a fa ct w ell docum ented in the e xp lo ra tio n geochem istry h te ra tu re (Bradshaw, 1975;Bogoch and Brenner, 1977;Lovering and McCarthy, 1978;M cLaurin, 1978;Bussey et al, 1993). Exploration geochemists studying dispersion tra in s firs t reaUzed th a t the dow nstream concentrations.…”

Section: Model Developmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Figure 7 shows m odel fits to fo u r contam inated rive rs. In each case, an acceptable f it to the sedim ent data was achieved using the measured param eters and a best- P rio r to m in in g , m etal levels greater th a n twice th e regional background ra re ly extend m ore than 20 kilom eters dow nstream , even fo r the largest ore deposits (Bradshaw, 1975;Bogoch and Brenner, 1977;Lovering and M cCarthy, 1978;M cLaurin, 1978;Bussey et al, 1993). By contrast, m etal levels o f twice the regional background were fo u n d to extend 500 km dow nstream in one o f the contam inated riv e r systems exam ined ( Figure 8A).…”

Section: R Esultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…km downstream (Bradshaw, 1975;Hawkes, 1976;Lovering and M cCarthy, 1978;M cLaurin, 1978;Coolbaugh, 1979). A rrow s show the a m p lific a tio n o f the n a tu ra l anomalies due to m in in g a ctivities fo r the fo u r contam inated streams and riv e rs examined.…”

Section: R Esultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The lengths of the calculated dispersion trains are within the range of reported dispersion trains for undisturbed ore deposits. Prior to mining, metal levels greater than twice the regional background rarely extend more than 20 km downstream, even for the largest ore deposits ( − ). By contrast, metal levels of twice the regional background were found to extend 500 km downstream in one of the contaminated river systems examined (Figure a).…”

Section: Model Applicationmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Natural Background Determination and Impact Quantification in Trace Metal-Contaminated River Sediments

Helgen

Moore

1995

Environ. Sci. Technol.

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Historic and current mining activities have contaminated stream sediments around the world with toxic heavy metals. A general lack of premining baseline data makes it difficult to quantify the extent of contamination and to set realistic remediation goals. These problems can be solved by modeling the downstream dispersion of metal anomalies based on dilution mixing of anomalous and tributary sediments. The model allows calculation of the dispersion curves of metals in stream sediments both before and after mining and also allows the quantification of any anthropogenic exaggeration of an anomaly. Mining activities were found to amplify naturally occurring metal anomalies up to 3 orders of magnitude, extending downstream dispersion trains from a natural limit of around 20 km to as much as 500 km. The dilution mixing model provides a useful tool for calculating premining dispersion trains and quantifying the effects of mining on a river basin. Such information is relevant to the understanding, litigation, and remediation of contaminated rivers around the world.

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Section: Model Developmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: R Esultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: R Esultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Model Applicationmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Natural Background Determination and Impact Quantification in Trace Metal-Contaminated River Sediments

Helgen

Moore

1995

Environ. Sci. Technol.

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“…The popularity of residual soil survey as an exploration method is a simple reflection of the reliability of soil anomalies as ore guide. Residual soil surveys have been found particularly applicable in areas of deep residual cover and sparse outcrops, where other exploration methods either are too expensive or are technically ineffective (Bradshaw, 1975). In Ibogunde, a typical tropical environment characterized by thick overburden and poor rock exposures, soil survey was employed as an aid to geological mapping in order to delineate the nature of the underlying rock, hence, this study.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Integrated Multi-Elemental Soil Geochemical Survey as a Tool in Geological Mapping in the Tropics: A Case Study of Songbe Area of Osun State, West Africa

2023

JEES

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Soil geochemical survey of Songbe area, a typical tropical environment of Nigeria was carried out to determine the concentrations and distribution patterns of trace elements in order to decipher the underlying geology in the area, as a complimentary tool to geological mapping, especially in areas with little or no rock exposure. The soil samples were collected by driving a 1-meter auger down to a depth of 50 -80 cm into the ground after removing the top soil, to ensure adequate penetration into the "B-horizon". The samples were air-dried at room temperature for four weeks. Each sample was disaggregated gently with porcelain mortar and pestle. The pestle and mortar were washed and dried after each sample is processed to avoid inter-sample contamination. The samples were subjected to standard preparation and treatment prior to geochemical analyses determined by X-Ray Fluorescence (XRF) method on a PANalytical Axios Wavelength Dispersive spectrometer and LA-ICP-MS (Laser Ablaser Inductively coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry) method at the Central Analytical Facility (CAF) of Stellenbosch University, South Africa. The point location maps were plotted using ArcView-Gis.The location point symbol map of each of the elements analysed revealed diverse patterns of distribution and showed considerable variations from one area to the other. Some of these distribution patterns did not perfectly correspond with the inferred geological boundaries, especially in areas with thick overburden. The point symbol maps of magnesium, iron, nickel and chromium (Mg, Fe, Ni and Cr) revealed anomalous and relatively high values in some areas underlain by quartzite, whereas anomalous and relatively high values of these ferromagnesian minerals are expected dominantly in areas underlain by mafic or ultramafic rocks. The symbol maps of tantalum and thorium showed dominantly low values for areas deduced to be underlain by charnockite with relatively high concentrations for pegmatitic bodies.The integration of the interpreted soil data with the point symbol maps of element concentrations superimposed on the produced geological map showed that most of the inferred rock boundaries were overestimated or underestimated and some mineral occurrences were yet to be accounted for. Hence, it was concluded that multielemental chemical analyses using soil as sampling media is a vital tool to delineate underlying geology in the tropics and is also an aid to geological mapping

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Natural Acid Rock Generation, Drainage, and Metal Leaching: Impact on Exploration, Mining, and Reclamation

Downing¹

2014

Acid Mine Drainage, Rock Drainage, and Acid Sulfate Soils

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Conceptual models in exploration geochemistry

Cited by 23 publications

References 14 publications

Natural Background Determination and Impact Quantification in Trace Metal-Contaminated River Sediments

Natural Background Determination and Impact Quantification in Trace Metal-Contaminated River Sediments

Integrated Multi-Elemental Soil Geochemical Survey as a Tool in Geological Mapping in the Tropics: A Case Study of Songbe Area of Osun State, West Africa

Natural Acid Rock Generation, Drainage, and Metal Leaching: Impact on Exploration, Mining, and Reclamation

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