Conceptual Disorganization in Children at Risk for Schizophrenia

D’Angelo, Eugene J.

doi:10.1159/000284822

Cited by 4 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 22 publications

(29 reference statements)

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“…Our systematic search identified 4828 articles, of which 4517 articles were excluded after title and abstract screening. After full-text screening of the remaining 311 articles, we identified 90 eligible articles that comprised 54 nonoverlapping samples with 3246 first-degree relatives (1872 female [57.68%]) and 5222 controls (2921 female [55.93%]) (Figure 1). The mean (SD) age of first-degree relatives was 15.38 (13.66) years, and the mean (SD) age of the controls was 14.70 (12.37) years.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cognitive Performance in First-Degree Relatives of Individuals With vs Without Major Depressive Disorder

2019

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IMPORTANCE Findings of cognitive impairment in major depressive disorder (MDD), including remitted MDD, raise the question whether impaired cognition is part of preexisting vulnerability rather than a consequence of MDD or its treatment. To our knowledge, no meta-analyses have been published on cognitive impairment in first-degree relatives of individuals with MDD.OBJECTIVE To compare cognitive performance between individuals with and without family history of MDD.STUDY SELECTION Original articles that reported data on cognition in first-degree relatives of individuals with MDD compared with controls with no family history of major mental illness.DATA EXTRACTION AND SYNTHESIS Means and SDs were extracted, and standardized mean differences (SMD) between relatives and controls were calculated for each measure of cognitive performance. The relative-control differences in overall cognition and in specific cognitive domains were synthesized in random-effects meta-analyses with robust variance estimation that allows including multiple correlated measures of cognition within each study. Heterogeneity was quantified with τ 2 . Publication bias was assessed with funnel plots and Egger intercept. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES Performance on cognitive tests.RESULTS Across 284 measures of cognition in 54 nonoverlapping samples including 3246 relatives of people with MDD (mean age 15.38 years, 57.68% females) and 5222 controls (mean age 14.70 years, 55.93% females), relatives of people with MDD performed worse than controls across all measures of cognition (SMD = −0.19; 95% CI, −0.27 to −0.11; P < .001). Domain-specific meta-analyses showed similar size of relative-control difference in most domains of cognition, including Full-Scale IQ (SMD = −0.19), verbal intelligence (SMD = −0.29), perceptual intelligence (SMD = −0.23), memory (SMD = −0.20), academic performance (SMD = −0.40), and language (SMD = −0.29). Study characteristics were not significantly associated with observed between-group differences. There was no evidence of publication bias. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCEA general impairment in cognition is a feature of familial disposition for MDD. Cognition may contribute to early identification of risk for depression and may be examined as potential target for early intervention. 11. Rasic D, Hajek T, Alda M, Uher R. Risk of mental illness in offspring of parents with schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, and major depressive disorder: a meta-analysis of family high-risk studies.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cognitive Performance in First-Degree Relatives of Individuals With vs Without Major Depressive Disorder

2019

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Content analysis of an object sorting test of cognitive complexity

Spiel

Eye

1999

International Journal of Educational Research

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Neurocognitive Allied Phenotypes for Schizophrenia and Bipolar Disorder

Hill

Harris

Herbener

et al. 2007

Schizophrenia Bulletin

119

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Psychiatric disorders are genetically complex and represent the end product of multiple biological and social factors. Links between genes and disorder-related abnormalities can be effectively captured via assessment of phenotypes that are both associated with genetic effects and potentially contributory to behavioral abnormalities. Identifying intermediate or allied phenotypes as a strategy for clarifying genetic contributions to disorders has been successful in other areas of medicine and is a promising strategy for identifying susceptibility genes in complex psychiatric disorders. There is growing evidence that schizophrenia and bipolar disorder, rather than being wholly distinct disorders, share genetic risk at several loci. Further, there is growing evidence of similarity in the pattern of cognitive and neurobiological deficits in these groups, which may be the result of the effects of these common genetic factors. This review was undertaken to identify patterns of performance on neurocognitive and affective tasks across probands with schizophrenia and bipolar disorder as well as unaffected family members, which warrant further investigation as potential intermediate trait markers. Available evidence indicates that measures of attention regulation, working memory, episodic memory, and emotion processing offer potential for identifying shared and illness-specific allied neurocognitive phenotypes for schizophrenia and bipolar disorder. However, very few studies have evaluated neurocognitive dimensions in bipolar probands or their unaffected relatives, and much work in this area is needed.

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Conceptual Disorganization in Children at Risk for Schizophrenia

Cited by 4 publications

References 22 publications

Cognitive Performance in First-Degree Relatives of Individuals With vs Without Major Depressive Disorder

Cognitive Performance in First-Degree Relatives of Individuals With vs Without Major Depressive Disorder

Content analysis of an object sorting test of cognitive complexity

Neurocognitive Allied Phenotypes for Schizophrenia and Bipolar Disorder

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