Conceptual Determination and Assessment of Cyanosis

Abstract

Cyanosis can be detected in a blue-purplish discoloration area commonly around the mucous membranes which are around the lips, fingers and toes. It is one of the respiratory distress' symptoms in newborn babies that can be caused by either the low level of oxygenated blood or poor circulation. Low oxygen saturation in the blood will make the skin and lips appear to be blue since the blood's color changes from bright red to a darker bluish. Babies with cyanosis need urgent assessment and initiation of medical care. Therefore, a systematic and rational approach in identifying cyanosis symptoms are crucial since its occurrence is known to be one of the most difficult situation to be handled in pediatric world. Thus, the early detection of cyanosis symptoms and understanding the physiology of oxygenation in neonates are important to save the babies' lives. The goals of this paper are to introduce a new approach for early cyanosis detection and determination of cyanotic and non-cyanotic skin color based on the actual reflectance spectrum of oxyhemoglobin, (HbO2) and deoxyhemoglobin, (Hb). The actual transmission spectrum and the wavelength of cyanotic and non-cyanotic skin are calculated based on optical properties in each skins' layers. A block diagram is developed to represent the light's pathway in the cyanotic and non-cyanotic skin color and the transfer functions in each block diagram used to describe the relationship between individual layers. Finally, as an objective measure of cyanotic and non-cyanotic skin color, the International Commission on Illumination (CIE) of color space values (L*, a* and b*) are determined. The calculation results reveal that colorimetry assessment can demonstrate the evaluation of cyanosis based on oxygenation level in the blood.

Theoretical and quantitative analysis of cyanosis colouration in newborn

“…Cyanosis assessment in a newborn is highly abstract and the evaluation of cyanosis is challenging because of many aspects such as the environment's lighting colour and the intensity level and the effect of the coloured objects in the surrounding [13]. An observer model and the light propagation's series represented by the transfer functions in the block diagrams described a cyanosis occurrence in optical properties in skin layers of human was obtained and discussed as in Figure 2 and Figure 3 in the study of Azmi et al [14]. The study demonstrated three different output lights which explained the light paths in humans' skin.…”

“…Fatihah et al [16] had set up the experiment using the cyanosis observation lamp, the Philips Master LEDspot LED light (940 type lamp; Philips) as the ❒ ISSN: 2502-4752 source of the illuminant to measure the cyanosis colour values of their developed cyanosis manikin as the employed observation lamp was suggested the most suitable lamp to be used in the operating theater to assess cyanosis. While the cyanosis quantification in [14] is mostly based on the assumption and simplification, the details about the transmission spectra of HbO 2 and Hb has not been extinsively investigated. Therefore, this paper aims to add the detailing of the transfer functions as an additional approach for cyanosis quantification and determination in International Commission on Illumination (CIE) L * a * b * colour values based on the HbO 2 and Hb's actual reflectance spectrum.…”