“…The average value of electric field intensity during sparkover, denoted as πΈ ππ,63.2% , is determined by multiplying the value of VSO,63.2% by the analytical mean value of electric field intensity, E1kV,MEAN, derived from FEM analysis when a 1 kV potential is applied to the left electrode. The relationships among πΈ ππ,63.2% , π ππ,63.2% , and πΈ 1ππ,ππΈπ΄π are mathematically expressed as follows [11,12]: πΈ ππ,63.2% = πΈ 1ππ,ππΈπ΄π Γ π ππ (1) In equation ( 1), π ππ either there are no units or its units are contingent on the Poisson equation, which correlates the voltage of the electrode system with the charge density within the volume. This analysis offers crucial insights into the interplay between electric field intensity and breakdown voltage within the studied system.…”