Conceptual design of small aircraft with hybrid-electric propulsion systems

Sziroczák, Dávid; Jankovics, István; Gál, István László; Rohács, Dániel

doi:10.1016/j.energy.2020.117937

Cited by 57 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…The new operator load monitoring concept was developed for drivers to improve the working environment and decision support system. This concept was designed to assist operators with necessary control information and avoiding a crash [ 106 , 107 , 108 , 109 , 110 ]. In this concept, the decision support system of drivers has three layers: (i) operation centre, (ii) vehicle on-board central processing unit, and (iii) smart vehicle screen.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Operators’ Load Monitoring and Management

Kale

Rohács

2020

Sensors

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Due to the introduction of highly automated vehicles and systems, the tasks of operators (drivers, pilots, air traffic controllers, production process managers) are in transition from “active control” to “passive monitoring” and “supervising”. As a result of this transition, the roles of task load and workload are decreasing while the role of the mental load is increasing, thereby the new type of loads might be defined as information load and communication load. This paper deals with operators’ load monitoring and management in highly automated systems. This research (i) introduces the changes in the role of operators and requirements in load management, (ii) defines the operators’ models, (iii) describes the possible application of sensors and their integration into the working environment of operators, and (iv) develops the load observation and management concept. There are some examples of analyses of measurements and the concept of validation is discussed. This paper mainly deals with operators, particularly pilots and air traffic controllers (ATCOs).

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Operators’ Load Monitoring and Management

Kale

Rohács

2020

Sensors

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“…However, since the highest declared BED of actual batteries (400 Wh/kg) is roughly 30 times lower than the ICE's jet fuel, the propulsive power relation of ICE with EP is about 10-1. The difference is so high that for all-electric aircraft to be viable on limited range missions (25-50% of conventional aircraft), the BED battery needs to be above 1,000 Wh/kg (Sziroczak et al 2020). Since EP is still not commercially viable in the short term, several aircraft manufacturers around the world, such as Boeing, Airbus, EMBRAER and Pipistrel are working on the development of HEP aircraft.…”

Section: Developments In Hybrid-electric Propulsionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The requirements analysis considers determining the shape, size, weight and performance of the planned aircraft, and applying optimization methods, considering the constraints. Under this frame the battery sizing is performed considering the low BED (Sziroczak et al 2020). The design space for propulsion requires evaluation of safety and regulatory compliance.…”

Section: Developments In Aircraft Design and Systems Integrationmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Aircraft Hybrid-Electric Propulsion: Development Trends, Challenges and Opportunities

Rendón

et al. 2021

J Control Autom Electr Syst

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The present work is a survey on aircraft hybrid electric propulsion (HEP) that aims to present state-of-the-art technologies and future tendencies in the following areas: air transport market, hybrid demonstrators, HEP topologies applications, aircraft design, electrical systems for aircraft, energy storage, aircraft internal combustion engines, and management and control strategies. Several changes on aircraft propulsion will occur in the next 30 years, following the aircraft market demand and environmental regulations. Two commercial areas are in evolution, electrical urban air mobility (UAM) and hybrid-electric regional aircraft. The first one is expected to come into service in the next 10 years with small devices. The last one will gradually come into service, starting with small aircraft according to developments in energy storage, fuel cells, aircraft design and hybrid architectures integration. All-electric architecture seems to be more adapted to UAM. Turbo-electric hybrid architecture combined with distributed propulsion and boundary layer ingestion seems to have more success for regional aircraft, attaining environmental goals for 2030 and 2050. Computational models supported by powerful simulation tools will be a key to support research and aircraft HEP design in the coming years. Brazilian research in these challenging areas is in the beginning, and a multidisciplinary collaboration will be critical for success in the next few years.

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“…Aviation industry always have to face the challenge of sustainability [1] which permanently inspires researchers to find novel approaches [2,3].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sliding Mode Control for Micro Turbojet Engine Using Turbofan Power Ratio as Control Law

Derbel

Beneda

2020

Energies

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The interest in turbojet engines was emerging in the past years due to their simplicity. The purpose of this article is to investigate sliding mode control (SMC) for a micro turbojet engine based on an unconventional compound thermodynamic parameter called Turbofan Power Ratio (TPR) and prove its advantage over traditional linear methods and thrust parameters. Based on previous research by the authors, TPR can be applied to single stream turbojet engines as it varies proportionally to thrust, thus it is suitable as control law. The turbojet is modeled by a linear, parameter-varying structure, and variable structure sliding mode control has been selected to control the system, as it offers excellent disturbance rejection and provides robustness against discrepancies between mathematical model and real plant as well. Both model and control system have been created in MATLAB® Simulink®, data from real measurement have been taken to evaluate control system performance. The same assessment is conducted with conventional Proportional-Integral-Derivative (PID) controllers and showed the superiority of SMC, furthermore TPR computation using turbine discharge temperature was proven. Based on the results of the simulation, a controller layout is proposed and its feasibility is investigated. The utilization of TPR results in more accurate thrust output, meanwhile it allows better insight into the thermodynamic process of the engine, hence it carries an additional diagnostic possibility.

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Conceptual design of small aircraft with hybrid-electric propulsion systems

Cited by 57 publications

References 22 publications

Operators’ Load Monitoring and Management

Operators’ Load Monitoring and Management

Aircraft Hybrid-Electric Propulsion: Development Trends, Challenges and Opportunities

Sliding Mode Control for Micro Turbojet Engine Using Turbofan Power Ratio as Control Law

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