Conceptual Design of Gas Distribution Pipeline Network for Estates in Nigeria

Abstract

This work presents the conceptual design of a gas distribution pipeline network for estates in Nigeria using the University of Abuja Staff Quarters as a case study. The problem statement was the aggressive consumption of cooking gas, referred to as liquefied petroleum gas (LPG), without gas pipeline networks infrastructures to homes and estates across Nigeria but relies on cylinders with its attendant danger. The methodology includes the determination of the gas demand from the average monthly gas consumption in each of the households, the elevation head, diameter of the pipelines, gas velocity, gas mass flow rate, head losses and the pressure drop analysis of series (option 1), parallel (option 2) and grid (option 3) options. The results obtained indicate that the best gas distribution design option for the trunk, reticulation and service pipelines was the grid connections to minimize investment costs with equitable pressures at service outlets. In the selected design option, the total length of the 50.8 mm diameter trunk pipelines was 19.52 m, while the total length of the 12.7 mm diameter reticulation and service pipelines were 3,223.34 m and 1,648.46 m respectively. The quantities of fittings required for the pipeline network layout were determined for an estate of 124 houses. The mass flow rates of the LPG in the 3 pipeline sections were found to be 0.39 kg/s and total head loss based on local resistance coefficients was found to be lowest in option 3 (1,568.33 m), which also has the least pressure drop of 67.84 kPa in the trunk and reticulation pipelines. It can be concluded that the optimized design could be adopted for the gas distribution pipeline network of University of Abuja staff quarters and other estates in Nigeria, with similar elevation and buildings layout.

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“…Apply the Delphi method to estimate the weight vector of the primary indicators in the indicator system 0.23 , 0.25 , 0.15 , 0.17 , 0.2 , which correspond to the weights of operating level, transfer capacity, power grid structure, equipment level, and power supply quality.Based on the distribution network operation level indicator system of a certain city's power enterprise and the actual data collected from each grid, the indicator values of the grid at different periods are determined. The raw data composed of evaluation indicator values is scored and standardized, and the obtained data is shown in Table 3 (Table 3 only shows the standardized data for each quarter of a certain grid from 2020 to 2022) [7].…”

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“…A study conducted at the University of Abuja [11], FCT Abuja, Nigeria has compared the natural gas distribution using cylinders and pipelines inside University of Abuja staff quarters and other estates in Nigeria and ascertained the economic viability of the gas pipeline distribution network. A study in the Historical Pipeline Construction Cost Analysis journal [12] analyzed the distribution of pipelines based on completion year, diameter, length, capacity, and location, using historical data collected from the Oil and Gas Journal.…”

“…The task of digging a trench, which is necessary to keep the pipelines safe, is estimated to be completed within 9 days when six workers are working on it. The depth of the trench must be 2-3 feet [11]. Additionally, six skilled workers have been designated to install and fit the pipelines within 30 days.…”

“…A study conducted at the University of Abuja, Nigeria suggested that the expenses for general maintenance and maintenance tools and equipment account for 5.35% and 0.446% of the total CAPEX, while the valves and fittings maintenance account for 1.7%. The cost of miscellaneous expenses is also included, comprising 3% of total operating expenses [11]. Table 5.…”

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“…Nigeria has enormous gas reserve in excess of 185 trillion cubic feet and expected to last for over 50 years [94]. Nigeria gas pipelines transmission network has reached many locations.…”