Conceptual design of a nonscaling fixed field alternating gradient accelerator for protons and carbon ions for charged particle therapy

Peach, Ken; Aslaninejad, M.; Barlow, R. J.; Beard, C.; Bliss, N.; Cobb, J.H.; Easton, Matthew; Edgecock, R.; Fenning, Richard; Gardner, Ian; Hill, Mark A.; Owen, Hywel; Johnstone, C.; Jones, Ben; Jones, Thomas C.; Kelliher, David; Khan, A.; Machida, S.; McIntosh, Peter; Pattalwar, Shrikant; Pasternak, J.; Pozimski, J.; Prior, Christopher; Rochford, J.; Rogers, C.; Seviour, Rebecca; Sheehy, Suzanne; Smith, S. L.; Strachan, J.; Tygier, Sam; Vojnovic, B.; Wilson, Puthenparampil; Witte, Holger; Yokoi, T.

doi:10.1103/physrevstab.16.030101

Cited by 30 publications

(35 citation statements)

References 22 publications

(36 reference statements)

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“…eq. (13), and the results in figure 4(b) consequently deviate from unity. For low electric fields this discrepancy is increased.…”

Section: B Comparison With Boag's Free-electron Models In Pulsed Beamsmentioning

confidence: 80%

“…(3) unless a free-electron component is present in which case the negative ions and electrons are distributed as in eq. (13). The recombination of charge carriers of opposite sign, resulting in a loss of charge, is counted continuously throughout the simulation.…”

Section: A Implementationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In other words, the fluence is both too slow and too fast to be regarded as a pulsed beam in the context of dosimetry. However, development of faster and stronger accelerators such as Fixed-Field Alternating Gradient (FFAG) [13] and laser induced ion acceleration [14] may require special attention to correctly estimate general recombination.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A general algorithm for calculation of recombination losses in ionization chambers exposed to ion beams

2016

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Dosimetry with ionization chambers in clinical ion beams for radiation therapy requires correction for recombination effects. However, common radiation protocols discriminate between initial and general recombination and provide no universal correction method for the presence of both recombination types in ion beams of charged particles heavier than protons. Here, we present the open source code IonTracks, where the combined initial and general recombination effects in principle can be predicted for any ion beam with arbitrary particle-energy spectrum and temporal structure. IonTracks uses track structure theory to distribute the charge carriers in ion tracks. The charge carrier movements are governed by a pair of coupled differential equations, based on fundamental physical properties as charge carrier drift, diffusion, and recombination, which are solved numerically while the initial and general charge carrier recombination is computed.The algorithm is numerically stable and in accordance with experimentally validated theories for initial recombination in heavy ion tracks and general recombination in a proton beam.IonTracks is validated against the Jaffé's and Boag's theory of recombination in pulsed beams of multiple ion species. IonTracks is able to calculate the correction factor for initial and general recombination losses in parallel-plate ionization chambers. Even if only few experimental data on recombination effects in ionization chambers are available today, the universal concept of IonTracks is not limited to the ions investigated here. Future experimental investigations of recombination in pulsed and possibly also continuous ion beams may be conducted with IonTracks, which ultimately may lead to a more precise prediction of recombination factors in complex radiation fields.

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“…eq. (13), and the results in figure 4(b) consequently deviate from unity. For low electric fields this discrepancy is increased.…”

Section: B Comparison With Boag's Free-electron Models In Pulsed Beamsmentioning

confidence: 80%

Section: A Implementationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A general algorithm for calculation of recombination losses in ionization chambers exposed to ion beams

2016

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“…For instance, due to the pulsed nature of high power laser systems, with low repetition rates of a few laser pulses per second, the accelerated proton bunches are also pulsed with bunch durations of nsec range and with up to *10 12 protons per bunch depending upon laser parameters [28,46]. Such intense bunches can attain pulsed peak dose rate values up to 10 10 Gy/s which exceeds con-IBT mean values of 15-30 Gy/s through quasi-continuous beam by many orders of magnitude. Therefore, L-IBT poses a whole new set of challenges on both physical and biological levels.…”

Section: Laser Particle Acceleratormentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In order to reduce the size and cost of IBT systems, several novel technologies are under investigation such as high field superconducting synchrocyclotron systems, which even may be mounted onto a rotating gantry [8], combination of cyclotron and linear accelerators [9], nonscaling fixed-field alternative gradient accelerator concepts [10,11], dielectric-wall accelerators [12] and laser particle acceleration mechanisms [13][14][15][16][17]. However, recent huge advancements in the field of laser-driven particle acceleration have made Laser-driven Ion Beam Therapy (L-IBT) a very promising and attractive alternative to conventional IBT (con-IBT) facilities [15][16][17][18].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A compact solution for ion beam therapy with laser accelerated protons

et al. 2014

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The recent advancements in the field of laserdriven particle acceleration have made Laser-driven Ion Beam Therapy (L-IBT) an attractive alternative to the conventional particle therapy facilities. To bring this emerging technology to clinical application, we introduce the broad energy assorted depth dose deposition model which makes efficient use of the large energy spread and high dose-per-pulse of Laser Accelerated Protons (LAP) and is capable of delivering homogeneous doses to tumors. Furthermore, as a key component of L-IBT solution, we present a compact iso-centric gantry design with 360°r otation capability and an integrated shot-to-shot energy selection system for efficient transport of LAP with large energy spread to the patient. We show that gantry size could be reduced by a factor of 2-3 compared to conventional gantry systems by utilizing pulsed air-core magnets.

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The PyZgoubi framework and the simulation of dynamic aperture in fixed-field alternating-gradient accelerators

Tygier¹,

Appleby²,

Garland³

et al. 2015

Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A:

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a b s t r a c tWe present PyZgoubi, a framework that has been developed based on the tracking engine Zgoubi to model, optimise and visualise the dynamics in particle accelerators, especially fixed-field alternatinggradient (FFAG) accelerators. We show that PyZgoubi abstracts Zgoubi by wrapping it in an easy-to-use Python framework in order to allow simple construction, parameterisation, visualisation and optimisation of FFAG accelerator lattices. Its object oriented design gives it the flexibility and extensibility required for current novel FFAG design. We apply PyZgoubi to two example FFAGs; this includes determining the dynamic aperture of the PAMELA medical FFAG in the presence of magnet misalignments, and illustrating how PyZgoubi may be used to optimise FFAGs. We also discuss a robust definition of dynamic aperture in an FFAG and show its implementation in PyZgoubi.

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Conceptual design of a nonscaling fixed field alternating gradient accelerator for protons and carbon ions for charged particle therapy

Abstract: The conceptual design for a nonscaling fixed field alternating gradient accelerator suitable for charged particle therapy (the use of protons and other light ions to treat some forms of cancer) is described.

Cited by 30 publications

References 22 publications

A general algorithm for calculation of recombination losses in ionization chambers exposed to ion beams

A general algorithm for calculation of recombination losses in ionization chambers exposed to ion beams

A compact solution for ion beam therapy with laser accelerated protons

The PyZgoubi framework and the simulation of dynamic aperture in fixed-field alternating-gradient accelerators

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