Conceptual design and techno-economic assessment of coupled hydrothermal liquefaction and aqueous phase reforming of lignocellulosic residues

Carbon-negative hydrogen: aqueous phase reforming (APR) of glycerol over NiPt bimetallic catalyst coupled with CO2 sequestration

“…However, other common feedstocks are corn stover or lignin-rich stream (LRS) (for example, from cellulosic ethanol production). 88,89 The cost of hydrogen obtained is similar to a study suggesting a price of 1.5 € per kg H 2 produced considering corn stover as feedstock and a hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL)-APR plant. 88 However, when comparing multiple studies, LCA and TEA values can vary extremely depending on the system considerations, scope, and Fig.…”

A review on thermochemical based biorefinery catalyst development progress

“…The HTL of Chlorella pyrenoidosa was carried out by Xu et al 349 in an autoclave at 300 °C over HZSM-5. The catalyst led to a slight increase of the yield of bio-oil (from 32 wt% for non-catalytic to 34 wt% in the presence of HZSM-5) showing the low increase of the rate for the [351][352][353][354] Therefore, so far many researchers have studied the possibility of the commercialization of the HTL process of biomass. Zhu et al 355 considered the production of biofuel through the HTL of woody biomass followed by the upgrading of the bio-oil through hydrotreatment.…”

“…The hydrothermal liquefaction of biomass has advantages over other thermochemical treatments of biomass such as high energy density of the bio-oil, short reaction duration time, ability to use different feedstock materials, etc. 351–354 Therefore, so far many researchers have studied the possibility of the commercialization of the HTL process of biomass. Zhu et al 355 considered the production of biofuel through the HTL of woody biomass followed by the upgrading of the bio-oil through hydrotreatment.…”

Molecular Ruthenium Cyclopentadienone Bifunctional Catalysts for the Conversion of Sugar Platforms to Hydrogen

“…In this framework different polyols and sugars have been used as feedstock for aqueous phase reforming, such as ethylene glycol, glycerol, xylitol, fructose and glucose [6,8,11,12,15,16,17,18,19] . The latter is of particular interest as it can be directly obtained from cellulose by hydrolysis [20,21,22,23] .…”

“…In this framework different polyols and sugars have been used as feedstock for aqueous phase reforming, such as ethylene glycol, glycerol, xylitol, fructose and glucose. [6,8,11,12,15,16,17,18,19] The latter is of particular interest as it can be directly obtained from cellulose by hydrolysis. [20,21,22,23] However, its conversion to hydrogen under the APR conditions is hindered by the production of polymerized side products (humins) above 200 °C, which are temperatures usually needed when using metal-based heterogeneous catalysts.…”