Conceptual design and implementation of a four‐element MIMO antenna system packaged within a metallic handset

Gao, Chen; Li, Xiaoqian; Lu, Wen‐Jun

doi:10.1002/mop.30978

Cited by 22 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…Broadside phi‐polarized radiation patterns of Ant 1 and Ant 2 are also observed at 3.5 GHz. In addition, Ant 1 and Ant 2 exhibit wide quasi‐directional radiation patterns at 3.5 GHz.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A dual‐band eight‐antenna multi‐input multi‐output array for 5G metal‐framed smartphones

Zou

et al. 2019

Int J RF Microw Comput Aided Eng

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A dual-band eight-antenna array operating in the long-term evolution (LTE) band 41 (2.496-2.69 GHz) and 3.5-GHz band (3.3-3.7 GHz) for fifth-generation (5G) metalframed smartphone is presented. The proposed dual-band antenna array is composed of four identical dual-antenna building blocks (DABBs). Each DABB consists of two identical antenna elements with a neutralization line between them. The antenna array is simulated, fabricated, and measured. The isolations are better than 10.5 dB and 11.0 dB in the low band (LB; LTE band 41) and high band (HB; 3.5-GHz band). The total efficiencies are 41% to 54% and 46% to 64% in the two operation bands, respectively. In addition, the measured envelope correlation coefficients are less than 0.11 and 0.06, the calculated channel capacities are better than 34.5 and 36.3 bps/Hz in the LB and HB, respectively. Furthermore, four hand-grip scenarios are investigated, and results show that proposed antenna array can maintain excellent multipleinput multiple-output performances in all scenarios.Recently, metal-framed smartphones have been embraced by an increasing number of smartphones companies. The metal frame can increase the robustness and strength of the mobile handsets and allow the smartphone to have noble appearances. However, the metal frame can greatly affect the performance of antennas, such as the bandwidth and total efficiency. It poses a great challenge to the design of multiband smartphone antennas with integrated metal frame. As a key technique for 5G communications, the multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) technology has become a hotspot both in academia and industrial community. MIMO technology has the potential to significantly enhance spectrum efficiency and channel capacity for the 5G communication system without consuming additional bandwidth or transmission power. 1,2 However, it is a challenging task to place multiple antennas in a limited design space while attaining wide bandwidths and desirable radiation performance.The sub-6 GHz bands (5G frequency bands below 6 GHz) are very important for 5G trails and future deployment. Recently, China's Ministry of Industry and Information Technology (MIIT) officially declared the 3.3 to 3.6 GHz frequency spectrum for 5G mobile communication. 3 In addition, South Korea and Australia chose the 3.55-GHz band (3.4-3.7 GHz) for future 5G communication network deployment. American reserved the 3.55 to 3.7 GHz band for future 5G communication spectrum deployment. 4 Among the frequency bands of sub-6 GHz, the long-term evolution (LTE) band 41 (2.496-2.69 GHz) is also a key candidate for 5G sub-6 GHz bands. Recently, it was adopted by the world's main communication equipment suppliers and operators as an existing band for 5G applications. 5 In recent works, some antenna array designs for 5G mobile devices utilize pattern diversity or orthogonal polarization technique to achieve good isolations and low correlations. [6][7][8][9] Other massive MIMO antenna array designs for smartphones applications are reported in References 10...

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“…Broadside phi‐polarized radiation patterns of Ant 1 and Ant 2 are also observed at 3.5 GHz. In addition, Ant 1 and Ant 2 exhibit wide quasi‐directional radiation patterns at 3.5 GHz.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A dual‐band eight‐antenna multi‐input multi‐output array for 5G metal‐framed smartphones

Zou

et al. 2019

Int J RF Microw Comput Aided Eng

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“…As seen, even though the antenna is packaged within an all‐metal handset with critical space limitation, multi‐resonant loop‐dipole antenna with external lumped matching network can exhibit usable performance to cover the existing wireless communication bands from 800‐2700 MHz, that is, GSM850/900, DSC1800, PCS1900, UMT2100, TD‐SCDMA, and TD‐LTE bands . The multi‐resonant antenna can be integrated with the 4‐ and 8‐element, 3.5GHz‐band multiple‐input‐multiple‐output (MIMO) handsets with zero ground clearance, to emulate a prototype fifth‐generation (5G) mobile terminal in real MIMO channel measurement as shown in Figure . These works have well confirmed that the multi‐resonant concept should exhibit good robusty and potential for antenna designs in extremely critical installing environments, like all‐metal mobile handsets, or other compact consumer electronic devices.…”

Section: Applications and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

On the multi‐resonant antennas: Theory, history, and new development

2019

Int J RF Microw Comput Aided Eng

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A survey of multi‐resonant antennas is comprehensively presented, with emphasis on theoretical framework, design approaches, and practical examples. This article begins with a brief history of the multi‐resonant dipole theory, and then concentrates on the design approaches that have been developed to typical, basic antenna elements, for example, electric dipole antenna, slotline antenna, loop antenna, complementary dipole antenna, and microstrip patch antenna. Design examples for different practical applications are then raised. In final, the multi‐resonant antenna design approach is summarized and compared to some relevant antenna design techniques.

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“…The size of the handset is about 15cm x 7.5cm, which is comparable to a smartphone. Moreover, the emulated mobile terminal can satisfy the requirement of all-metallic packaging [21] and exhibits high performance including impedance matching, element isolation and radiation efficiency. Therefore, measurement data and analysis in this work can be useful in practical system design.…”

Section: Measurements and Data Processingmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Experimental Massive MIMO Channel Matrix Model for Hand-Held Scenarios

She

Liu

et al. 2019

IEEE Access

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A novel, experimental massive channel matrix model for indoor scenarios is proposed. In this model, the hand-held effects of smartphone users are taken into consideration, as well as the correlation and coupling at transmitters and receivers in the conventional models. Hence, the proposed model is more applicable in real environments. Measurements at 3.5 GHz are carried out in a typical indoor scenario with a massive multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) testbed to serve as a base station and an eight-antenna handset to mimic a smartphone. Channel performance predicted by the proposed model is in good agreement with the measurement results. It is highlighted that the proposed model is more accurate than the traditional massive MIMO channel matrix models. INDEX TERMSChannel matrix model, indoor, massive MIMO, propagation. I. INTRODUCTION The Massive Multiple-Input Multiple-Output (MIMO) has established itself as a key technology for emerging wireless communication systems such as 5G [1], [2]. It can remarkably improve system performance including spectral and power efficiency [3], [4]. The performance of massive MIMO highly depends on the characteristics of the wireless channel. Hence, deep physical comprehension of the propagation mechanisms and accurate channel models for massive MIMO are becoming increasingly important [5]-[7]. In particular, channel matrix models can be employed to characterize a lot of channel performances. They are also important basis for the evolution of standardized models such as WINNER and 3GPP SCM. One of the most commonly used channel matrix models is the Kronecker model, where channel characteristics are dependent on the Kronecker product of linkend correlation matrices [8], [9]. This model has advantage in simplicity but is proved to be inaccurate as the effects between link-ends are ignored. This deficiency is solved in Weichselberger model [10], [11], where both the correlation matrices and the effects between link-ends are taken intoThe associate editor coordinating the review of this manuscript and approving it for publication was Kostas P. Peppas.

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Conceptual design and implementation of a four‐element MIMO antenna system packaged within a metallic handset

Cited by 22 publications

References 38 publications

A dual‐band eight‐antenna multi‐input multi‐output array for 5G metal‐framed smartphones

A dual‐band eight‐antenna multi‐input multi‐output array for 5G metal‐framed smartphones

On the multi‐resonant antennas: Theory, history, and new development

An Experimental Massive MIMO Channel Matrix Model for Hand-Held Scenarios

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