Conceptual Design and Electromagnetic Analysis of 2 MW Fully Superconducting Synchronous Motors With Superconducting Magnetic Shields for Turbo-Electric Propulsion System

Sugouchi, Ryota; Honda, Hirokazu; Hase, Yoshiji; Shuto, Masao; Konno, Masayuki; Izumi, Teruo; Komiya, Masataka; Miura, Shun; Iwakuma, Masataka; Yoshida, Kôichi; Sasayama, Teruyoshi; Yonetani, Takashi; Yamamoto, Kazuya; Sasamori, Yuichiro

doi:10.1109/tasc.2020.2974705

Cited by 20 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…Despite the fact that superconductors can be operated lossless under DC conditions (efficiency » 100 %), they do generate loss under AC conditions (efficiency £ 99.9 %) [11]. This is the case both when the current in the superconductor is time-varying and if the superconductors are exposed to an external AC field.…”

Section: Important Contributions To the Core Technologiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The current loading can be increased significantly as the temperature is decreased. SCMs chilled by LH2 at 20 K can achieve a much higher power density than a motor chilled by liquid nitrogen (LN2) at 64 K (e.g., up to 5 times) [11]. However, one must also consider the cooling penalty; a conventional cryocooler consumes as much as 100 W to remove 1 W of heat at 20 K, considering the ideal Carnot cycle and an efficiency of the cooling machine of 15 %.…”

Section: Important Contributions To the Core Technologiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Next-Generation Cryo-Electric Hydrogen-Powered Aviation: A Disruptive Superconducting Propulsion System Cooled by Onboard Cryogenic Fuels

Nøland

Hartmann

Mellerud

2022

EEE Ind. Electron. Mag.

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The idea of hydrogen-powered airplanes has recently attracted a revitalized push in the aviation sector to combat CO2 emissions. However, to also reduce, or even eliminate, non-CO2 emissions and contrails, the combination of hydrogen with all-electric solutions is undoubtedly the best option. This article explores the next wave of disruptive technological developments needed to scale up zero-emission aviation beyond 2035. With respect to conventional electrical propulsion, major breakthroughs will be needed in terms of reducing the voltage level while increasing system-level power density and overall efficiency. We show how a next-generation hydrogen-powered aircraft could take advantage of its onboard cryogenic fuels to cool the electrical components, enabling a cryo-electric superconducting drivetrain that could lead to extraordinary performances.

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Section: Important Contributions To the Core Technologiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Important Contributions To the Core Technologiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Next-Generation Cryo-Electric Hydrogen-Powered Aviation: A Disruptive Superconducting Propulsion System Cooled by Onboard Cryogenic Fuels

Nøland

Hartmann

Mellerud

2022

EEE Ind. Electron. Mag.

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“…One example is the NASA High-Efficiency Megawatt Motor (NASA-HEMM), rated at 1.4-MW with a 16 kW/kg power density at nearly 99% efficiency [62]. Following this trend, fully superconducting motors in the MW power range have been recently studied in [63]- [65]. In [63], a 2-MW fully superconducting synchronous motor with superconducting magnetic shields has been proposed for turboelectric aircraft propulsion.…”

Section: B Propulsion Electric Motorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Following this trend, fully superconducting motors in the MW power range have been recently studied in [63]- [65]. In [63], a 2-MW fully superconducting synchronous motor with superconducting magnetic shields has been proposed for turboelectric aircraft propulsion. Herein, two designs are presented showing 40kW/kg at an operating temperature of 20K and 20kW/kg at 64K with both designs above 99% efficiency.…”

Section: B Propulsion Electric Motorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Toward more electric powertrains in aircraft: Technical challenges and advancements

Benzaquen

Mirafzal

2021

Trans. Electr. Mach. Syst.

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The main purpose of this article is to provide an instructive review of the technological challenges hindering the road toward more electric powertrains in aircraft. Hybrid, all-electric, and turboelectric powertrain architectures are discussed as possible fuel consumption and weight reduction solutions. Among these architectures, the short-term implementation of hybrid and all-electric architectures is limited, particularly for large-capacity aircraft due to the low energy/power density levels achievable by state-of-the-art electrical energy storage systems. Conversely, turboelectric architectures with advanced distributed propulsion and boundary layer ingestion are set to lead the efforts toward more electric powertrains. At the center of this transition, power converters and high-power density electric machines, i.e., electric motors and generators, and their corresponding thermal management systems are analyzed as the key devices enabling the more electric powertrain. Moreover, to further increase the fuel efficiency and power density of the aircraft, the benefits and challenges of implementing higher voltage powertrains are described. Lastly, based on the findings collected in this article, the projected roadmap toward more electric aircraft powertrains is presented. Herein, the individual targets for each technology, i.e., batteries, electric machines, and power converters, and how they translate to future aircraft prototypes are illustrated.

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“…It is also worth noting that SCMs chilled by LH2 at 20 K can achieve higher power density than liquid nitrogen (LN2) at 63 K due to the intrinsically higher current densities available at lower temperatures [10]. However, one must also consider the cooling penalty; A conventional cryocooler removes 1 W at 20 K at the expense of as much as 100 W, considering the ideal Carnot cycle and an efficiency of the cooling machine of 15 %.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Next-Generation Cryo-Electric Hydrogen-Powered Aviation

Nøland¹,

Hartmann²,

Mellerud³

2021

Preprint

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Hydrogen-powered airplanes have recently attracted a revitalized push in the aviation sector to combat CO2 emissions. However, to also reduce, or even eliminate, non-CO2 emissions and contrails, the combination of hydrogen with all-electric solutions is undoubtedly the best option to move toward the ambitious goal of climate-neutral aviation. Another important design choice is to store hydrogen cryogenically in its liquid form (LH2) to reduce space occupation compared to storage as compressed gas. However, the LH2 fuels cannot be utilized directly in fuel cells. It needs to be brought from liquid to a gas at about 350 K, where large amounts of heat must be added. Thus, a synergy can be made from this otherwise wasted cryogenic refrigeration power where superconducting machines (SCMs) and cold power electronics (CPE) are low-hanging fruits that could lead to radical space and weight reductions onboard the aircraft. These opportunities can be realized without having to pay the price, nor the volume occupation and mass needed for the cooling ability usually needed to achieve these extraordinary performances. In fact, this ground-breaking synergy makes cryogenic energy conversion relevant in a whole new way for aviation. The SCMs’ more than five times higher power densities than their conventional counterparts are exceptionally significant. This article introduces the recently proposed cryo-electric drivetrain initiatives and explores the opportunities of using direct hydrogen cooling as a potential heating solution to enhance the overall performance and scalability of zero-emission propulsion systems in future regional aircraft.

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Conceptual Design and Electromagnetic Analysis of 2 MW Fully Superconducting Synchronous Motors With Superconducting Magnetic Shields for Turbo-Electric Propulsion System

Cited by 20 publications

References 15 publications

Next-Generation Cryo-Electric Hydrogen-Powered Aviation: A Disruptive Superconducting Propulsion System Cooled by Onboard Cryogenic Fuels

Next-Generation Cryo-Electric Hydrogen-Powered Aviation: A Disruptive Superconducting Propulsion System Cooled by Onboard Cryogenic Fuels

Toward more electric powertrains in aircraft: Technical challenges and advancements

Next-Generation Cryo-Electric Hydrogen-Powered Aviation

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