Concepts of Hypothesis Testing and Types of Errors

Ganeshpurkar, Aditya; Maheshwari, Rahul; Tekade, Muktika; Tekade, Rakesh K.

doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-814421-3.00007-5

Cited by 2 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 104 publications

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“…Similarly, clinicians are not unbiased data collectors; their attitude about the ingredient in question is conveyed to the parent through nonverbal communication. This can result in the Hawthorne effect, when parents answer as they believe they are being led to answer rather than with factual information [ 16 ]. Additionally, interviewer bias (when clinicians obtain skewed data in support of preconceived notions) is introduced when clinicians ask cases about exposure status but fail to question noncases about potential exposure [ 17 – 19 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recall and Interviewer Bias in Parental Report of Pediatric Exposure to Aromatic Plant Ingredients in Personal Care Products: Development and Validation of a More Accurate Approach

Hawkins¹,

Hires²,

Dunne³

et al. 2021

Journal of Environmental and Public Health

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Lavender and tea tree essential oils are traditionally considered to be mild, gentle, and safe for pediatric populations and are ubiquitous in personal care products. Recent case reports have proposed a potential association between exposure to these ingredients and endocrine disruption, but these reports contain misclassification bias. The purpose of this study is to develop a reliable and valid measurement instrument for the accurate classification of exposure to aromatic plant ingredients in personal care products to be used in epidemiological studies. This study tested the Aromatic Plant Ingredients and Child Health Survey (APICHS) for validity and reliability, contrasting it with the current approach used in clinician’s offices. The APICHS was found to have exceptional sensitivity and specificity (100% and 92.86%, respectively) with a positive predictive value of 97.22%, far exceeding the sensitivity and specificity of the method currently in use. The APICHS is a valid, reliable tool for accurate classification of exposure to aromatic plant ingredients in personal care products and should be used for the avoidance of misclassification.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recall and Interviewer Bias in Parental Report of Pediatric Exposure to Aromatic Plant Ingredients in Personal Care Products: Development and Validation of a More Accurate Approach

Hawkins¹,

Hires²,

Dunne³

et al. 2021

Journal of Environmental and Public Health

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Developing hypotheses for scientific research in musculoskeletal conditions: A guide for health-care professional

Rafat,

Srivastav

2024

JMSR

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The importance of hypothesis formulation in health-care research cannot be overstated. Hypotheses serve as a guiding framework for scientific inquiry. This narrative review highlights the characteristics, significance, and applications of hypotheses across musculoskeletal (MSK) research. Utilizing various databases, articles were scrutinized to delineate the role of hypotheses in research, education, and practice among MSK health-care professionals. The review underscores the pivotal role of hypotheses in advancing evidence-based practices and fostering critical thinking in MSK research.

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Concepts of Hypothesis Testing and Types of Errors

Cited by 2 publications

References 104 publications

Recall and Interviewer Bias in Parental Report of Pediatric Exposure to Aromatic Plant Ingredients in Personal Care Products: Development and Validation of a More Accurate Approach

Recall and Interviewer Bias in Parental Report of Pediatric Exposure to Aromatic Plant Ingredients in Personal Care Products: Development and Validation of a More Accurate Approach

Developing hypotheses for scientific research in musculoskeletal conditions: A guide for health-care professional

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