Concepts of Fever

Mackowiak, Philip A.

doi:10.1001/archinte.158.17.1870

Cited by 227 publications

(160 citation statements)

References 152 publications

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“…Recently, many reports have shown that an appropriate heat effect has potential anticancer efficacy and can enhance the efficacy of other cancer therapies. Nonetheless, fever itself is a complex physiological response [6] , with the intrinsic effects of elevated body temperature regarded as an important defense system for the body by increasing the immune reaction not only against infectious disease but also against cancer.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cancer immunity and therapy using hyperthermia with immunotherapy, radiotherapy, chemotherapy, and surgery

Yagawa¹,

Tanigawa²,

Kobayashi³

et al. 2017

JCMT

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Hyperthermia is a type of medical modality for cancer treatment using the biological effect of artificially induced heat. Even though the intrinsic effects of elevated body temperature in cancer tissues are poorly understood, increasing the temperature of the body has been recognized as a popular therapeutic method for tumorous lesions as well as infectious diseases since ancient times. Recently accumulated evidence has shown that hyperthermia amplifies immune responses in the body against cancer while decreasing the immune suppression and immune escape of cancer. It also shows that hyperthermia inhibits the repair of damaged cancer cells after chemotherapy or radiotherapy. These perceptions indicate that hyperthermia has potential for cancer therapy in conjunction with immunotherapy, chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and surgery. Paradoxically, the anticancer effect of hyperthermia alone has not yet been adequately exploited because deep heating techniques and devices to aggregate heat effects only in cancer tissues are difficult in practical terms. This review article focuses on the current understanding concerning cancer immunity and involvement of hyperthermia and the innate and adoptive immune system. The potential for combination therapy with hyperthermia and chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and surgery is also discussed. Key words:Hyperthermia, cancer immunity, chemosensitizer, radiosensitizer, combination cancer therapy, hyperthermic intraoperative peritoneal chemotherapy ABSTRACTArticle history:

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cancer immunity and therapy using hyperthermia with immunotherapy, radiotherapy, chemotherapy, and surgery

Yagawa¹,

Tanigawa²,

Kobayashi³

et al. 2017

JCMT

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show abstract

“…It has been theorized that interaction between pyrogenic cytokines and their receptors in the preoptic region of the anterior hypothalamus activates the liberation of prostaglandin E 2 , which raises the core temperature [16]. However, this theory is still incomplete and speculative: since it remains to be determined whether prostaglandin E 2 or other local mediators are essential to the febrile response; as well as what determines the magnitude of expression of individual cytokines in response to various stimuli [17]. Were the inflammatory cytokines really being produced or not in the present case?…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Case of Ovulatory Cycle-dependent Symptoms in Woman with Previous Interferon .BETA. Therapy

Nakamura

Hino

2005

Endocr J

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Abstract. A woman with a menstrual cycle-dependent fever (more than 38°C) and severe fatigue that disrupted her ability to work was referred to our hospital. Six years ago, the patient received interferon b injections (6,000,000 IU day -1 × 48 days) for the treatment of hepatitis C virus. Although the treatment was successful against the virus, the symptomatic fever occurred monthly since the third year after receiving the treatment. The symptoms occurred a few days after ovulation in every menstrual cycle. When the ovarian function was suppressed by GnRH agonist (GnRHa), the symptoms disappeared. While in anovulation, the patient received estrogen followed by estrogen with progestogen, which resembles the sex hormone milieu of a normal menstrual cycle without the LH surge; this treatment did not induce the symptoms. When human CG (hCG) was injected on the beginning day of estrogen with progestogen following treatment with estrogen alone, the previous symptoms reappeared. However, the hCG injection without estrogen priming did not induce the symptoms. These studies indicated that the LH surge after estrogen priming induced the symptoms. Changes in serum inflammatory cytokine levels (interleukin-1, interleukin-6, and tumor necrosis factor-a) were examined during the ovulatory cycle and the interleukin-1 levels during the treatment. There were no significant changes on these levels in the febrile period. The patient experienced normal menstrual cycles after finishing the five-month GnRHa treatment. Although her symptoms still occur, they are mild and do not require further medical treatment.

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“…Endogenous pyrogens are derived internally, and include various febrile mediators like cytokines and prostaglandins [2]. Exogenous pyrogens typically stimulate the production of endogenous pyrogens.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fever After Maxillofacial Surgery: A Critical Review

Christabel

Sharma

Ramanathan

et al. 2014

J. Maxillofac. Oral Surg.

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Purpose The aim of this paper is to review the pathophysiology of thermoregulation mechanism, various causes of fever after maxillofacial surgery and the different treatment protocols advised in the literature. Discussion Fever is one of the most common complaints after major surgery and is also considered to be an important clinical sign which indicates developing pathology that may go unnoticed by the clinician during post operative period. Several factors are responsible for fever after the maxillofacial surgery, inflammation and infection being the commonest. However, other rare causes such as drug allergy, dehydration, malignancy and endocrinological disorders, etc. should be ruled out prior to any definite diagnosis and initiate the treatment. Proper history and clinical examination is an essential tool to predict the causative factors for fever. Common cooling methods like tepid sponging are usually effective alone or in conjunction with analgesics to reduce the temperature. Conclusion Fever is a common postoperative complaint and should not be underestimated as it may indicate a more serious underlying pathology. A specific guideline towards the management of such patients is necessary in every hospital setting to ensure optimal care towards the patients during post operative period.

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Concepts of Fever

Cited by 227 publications

References 152 publications

Cancer immunity and therapy using hyperthermia with immunotherapy, radiotherapy, chemotherapy, and surgery

Cancer immunity and therapy using hyperthermia with immunotherapy, radiotherapy, chemotherapy, and surgery

A Case of Ovulatory Cycle-dependent Symptoms in Woman with Previous Interferon .BETA. Therapy

Fever After Maxillofacial Surgery: A Critical Review

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