Concepts, Development, and Validation of Multiantenna GNSS Receivers for Resilient Navigation

Cuntz, Manuel; Konovaltsev, Andriy; Meurer, Michael

doi:10.1109/jproc.2016.2525764

Cited by 49 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…Tests under laboratory conditions are reported in [24] and show the vulnerability of aeronautical receivers for different types of spoofing. Experimental results confirm the feasibility of certain attacks [25] [26].…”

mentioning

confidence: 54%

Increasing International Civil Aviation Resilience: A Proposal for Nomenclature, Categorization and Treatment of New Interference Threats

Fernández‐Hernández¹,

Walter²,

Alexander³

et al. 2019

The International Technical Meeting of the the Institute of Navigation

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Electromagnetic interference can degrade civil Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) signals and services, and in some cases result in integrity failures. The aviation community is well-aware of such threats due to the proliferation of interfering-capable equipment including personal electronic devices (PEDs), personal privacy devices (PPDs), GNSS repeaters, mis-operated test equipment, low-cost software-defined radio cards, and the foreseeable proliferation of more sophisticated spoofing devices in the future. Protection against such interference is under consideration for the next-generation of avionics standards. This paper is intended to support the definition of new avionics standards that address these interference threats. First, it provides a current review of the technical literature with a focus on aviation. Then, the paper compiles the existing nomenclature, taking into account definitions from regulatory bodies. Next, the paper identifies categories of threat emissions. Later, the assets to protect and use case under analysis are presented, followed by a discussion of detection and mitigation responses. The paper continues with a list of detection and mitigation actions that can be implemented at different stages of the avionics receiver. Finally, the paper concludes with a discussion on possible treatment of specific threat categories in the next generation of standards. This paper is intended to provide a framework for discussing standards, recommended practices, and test procedures for the treatment of emissions that may be encountered by future equipment. Common nomenclature and threat categorization of jamming and spoofing threats was not available prior to this effort. The framework is the result of several months of iterations including research institutes, GNSS providers, and air navigation service providers. This work provides a common framework that can be used for threat modeling and quantitative risk analysis to enable development of future requirements and associated test procedures in the next generation of aviation standards. Background This section presents a short review on general radio frequency interference, with a focus on the treatment of interference, jamming and spoofing threats in current aviation standards. GPS/Galileo/GNSS radio frequency interference has been a subject of study since the beginning of GPS [1]. In 2001, the Volpe Report [2] provided a wide assessment of the impact of GPS disruptions in critical applications, including aviation, which increased awareness of the

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confidence: 54%

Increasing International Civil Aviation Resilience: A Proposal for Nomenclature, Categorization and Treatment of New Interference Threats

Fernández‐Hernández¹,

Walter²,

Alexander³

et al. 2019

The International Technical Meeting of the the Institute of Navigation

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“…To make the work at hand as self-contained as possible, the analysis performed in [22] or [25] 1 and later used in Ref. [27] are revisited. The corresponding estimation problem as well as a way to solve it is presented.…”

Section: System Descriptionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental validation of GNSS repeater detection based on antenna arrays for maritime applications

et al. 2018

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In this work, we present an antenna array-based algorithm to detect GNSS repeater and/or spoofing attacks with an experimental validation. With an array receiver capable of measuring the impinging ranging signals direction of arrival in terms of azimuth and elevation, it is possible to estimate the antenna platforms attitude. The fact that this information is computed (w.r.t. a reference frame) during the position calculation is used. We propose an algorithm aiming to find the relation between both representations. This mapping defines the receiver's attitude in terms of pitch, roll and yaw angle. The residual of this mapping is used to construct a quality metric for the mapping. If a threshold is undershot, spoofing/repeating is indicated. The performance is demonstrated using software simulations. To show the capabilities under realistic conditions, a test platform is described. It consists of a real-time array receiver and a sampling device enabling post-processing. A maritime measurement campaign including two vessels-one acting as receiver and the other acting as transmitter-is portrayed. Finally, the real-time and post-processing performance of the algorithm is evaluated.

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“…Processing techniques utilizing an array of antennas can effectively defeat various types of GNSS interference and jamming signals regardless of their temporal or spectral characteristics (Fernández-Prades and Arribas 2016; Daneshmand et al 2016;Cuntz et al 2016). As long as the size, cost and power consumption of additional front ends and antennas are justifiable, antenna array processing is one of the most powerful countermeasures against both narrowand wideband interfering signals.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Integration of GNSS and INS with a phased array antenna

Daneshmand

Lachapelle

2017

GPS Solut

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Concepts, Development, and Validation of Multiantenna GNSS Receivers for Resilient Navigation

Cited by 49 publications

References 14 publications

Increasing International Civil Aviation Resilience: A Proposal for Nomenclature, Categorization and Treatment of New Interference Threats

Increasing International Civil Aviation Resilience: A Proposal for Nomenclature, Categorization and Treatment of New Interference Threats

Experimental validation of GNSS repeater detection based on antenna arrays for maritime applications

Integration of GNSS and INS with a phased array antenna

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