Concepts and Trends for Extraction and Application of Microalgae Carbohydrates

Abstract

The proposed chapter aims to provide a more in-depth explanation of the composition of carbohydrates in microalgae biomass, focusing on separation methods, chemistry, molecular characterization, as well as their application in several areas. The purpose of this review chapter is to show that biological products from microalgae have potential in health, food, and industry applications (materials and biofuel production). Steps for extraction and purification will be discussed, as well as the relationship between the type of microalgae and its composition, as a way of optimizing protocol selection and product making, without breaking down the cell to begin with (total carbohydrate extraction present in the cell). An overall overview of the current and prospective trends and methodologies for the use of microalgae carbohydrate will be included as starting points to shed light on some of the possible issues that currently do not allow the development and feasibility of microalgae biorefineries.

Microalgae Applications to Bone Repairing Processes: A Review

“…144 Bibliographic records were obtained from the Web of Science database. Keywords used for the search were microalgae medical (1762), microalgae biomedical (251), microalgae biomedical applications (145), microalgae drug delivery (128), microalgae pharmacological (94), bone microalgae (84), osteoporosis microalgae (10), osteoblastic microalgae (4), and osteoactive microalgae (2). A total of 2480 articles were extracted as of June 2022, and keywords with at least 20 concurrences were filtered.…”

Renewable Carbohydrates: Advancements in Sustainable Glucose Production and Optimization

“…Closed photobioreactors provide a controlled environment, allowing for precise control of parameters such as temperature, light intensity, and nutrient availability. Algal cultivation requires appropriate nutrient supply, including carbon dioxide, nitrogen, phosphorus, and micronutrients, to support optimal growth and carbohydrate accumulation (de Souza et al, 2019). Once the algal biomass has reached the desired growth stage, it needs to be harvested and processed to extract the carbohydrates, including glucose (Huo et al, 2022).…”

“…Glucose production from algal biomass can be achieved through enzymatic hydrolysis or acid hydrolysis methods, similar to other biomass feedstocks. Enzymatic hydrolysis involves the use of specific enzymes, such as cellulases and hemicellulases, to break down the carbohydrates into glucose (de Souza et al, 2019). Acid hydrolysis utilizes strong acids, such as sulfuric acid or hydrochloric acid, to hydrolyze the carbohydrates.…”