Concepts and applications in functional diversity

Mammola, Stefano; Carmona, Carlos P.; Guillerme, Thomas; Cardoso, Pedro

doi:10.1111/1365-2435.13882

Cited by 141 publications

(148 citation statements)

References 132 publications

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“…These often follow the Hutchinsonian niche concept (Hutchinson 1957), relying on the position of species or individuals within a multidimensional space. Among these, the convex hull hypervolume is one of the most used, despite some important limitations, such as the assumption that the multidimensional space is homogenously occupied, making it extremely sensitive to outliers (Mammola & Cardoso, 2021;Mammola et al, 2020). To overcome this limitation, new methods have used probabilistic hypervolumes (Blonder et al, 2018), of which the most popular uses high-dimensional kernel density estimations to delineate the shape and volume of the multidimensional space (Carvalho & Cardoso 2020;Mammola & Cardoso, 2021).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Among these, the convex hull hypervolume is one of the most used, despite some important limitations, such as the assumption that the multidimensional space is homogenously occupied, making it extremely sensitive to outliers (Mammola & Cardoso, 2021;Mammola et al, 2020). To overcome this limitation, new methods have used probabilistic hypervolumes (Blonder et al, 2018), of which the most popular uses high-dimensional kernel density estimations to delineate the shape and volume of the multidimensional space (Carvalho & Cardoso 2020;Mammola & Cardoso, 2021). Oceanic islands have long been used as living laboratories to understand ecological and evolutionary patterns and processes (Whittaker et al, 2017).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…including extant native and introduced species). For this purpose, we used the kernel.alpha function in the BAT package (Cardoso et al, 2015;Mammola & Cardoso, 2021). Also for each island, we calculated net change in functional richness as the difference between present and original functional richness.…”

Section: Effects Of Bird Extinctions and Introductions On Functional Diversitymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Similarly, we evaluated the evenness of the total trait space for each island, considering original and present avifaunas, using kernel.evenness in BAT package (Fig. S4; Mammola & Cardoso, 2021), and calculated net change as the difference between the two. We then calculated average values of functional richness and evenness across islands, and respective 95% confidence intervals, for the original and the present avifaunas, and for the net change.…”

Section: Effects Of Bird Extinctions and Introductions On Functional Diversitymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…We estimated originality based on a 0.01 fraction of random points, using the kernel.originality function in the BAT package (Fig. S4; Mammola & Cardoso, 2021). For each island, we calculated the average functional originality of the extinct species in the original avifauna, and of the introduced species in the present avifauna.…”

Section: Effects Of Bird Extinctions and Introductions On Functional Diversitymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Combined effects of bird extinctions and introductions in oceanic islands: decreased functional diversity despite increased species richness

Soares

Lima

Palmeirim

et al. 2021

Preprint

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Aim: We analyse the functional consequences of the changes in species composition resulting from extinctions and introductions on oceanic island bird assemblages. Specifically, we ask if introduced species have compensated the functional loss resulting from species extinctions. Location: Seventy-four oceanic islands (>100 km2) in the Atlantic, Pacific and Indian Oceans. Time period: Late Holocene. Major taxa studied: Terrestrial and freshwater bird species. Methods: We compiled a species list per island (extinct and extant, native and introduced), and then compiled traits per species. We used single-trait analyses to assess the effects of past species extinctions and introductions on functional composition. Then, we used probabilistic hypervolumes in trait space to calculate functional richness and evenness of original versus present avifaunas of each island (and net change), and to estimate functional originality of extinct and introduced species. Results: The net effects of extinctions and introductions were: an increase in average species richness per island (alpha diversity), yet a decline in diversity across all islands (gamma diversity); an average increase in the prevalence of most functional traits (23 out of 35) yet an average decline functional richness and evenness, associated with the fact that extinct species were functionally more original (when compared to extant natives) than introduced species. Main conclusions: Introduced species are on average offsetting (and even surpassing) the losses of extinct species per island in terms of species richness, and they are increasing the prevalence of most functional traits. However, they are not compensating the loss of functional richness due to extinctions. Current island bird assemblages are becoming functionally poorer, having lost original species and being composed of functionally more homogeneous species. This is likely to have cascading repercussions on the functioning of island ecosystems.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Effects Of Bird Extinctions and Introductions On Functional Diversitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Effects Of Bird Extinctions and Introductions On Functional Diversitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Effects Of Bird Extinctions and Introductions On Functional Diversitymentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Combined effects of bird extinctions and introductions in oceanic islands: decreased functional diversity despite increased species richness

Soares

Lima

Palmeirim

et al. 2021

Preprint

Self Cite

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Components of functional diversity revisited: A new classification and its theoretical and practical implications

Schmera,

Ricotta,

Podani

2023

Ecology and Evolution

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Functional diversity is regarded as a key concept for understanding the link between ecosystem function and biodiversity. The different and ecologically well‐defined aspects of the concept are reflected by the so‐called functional components, for example, functional richness and divergence. Many authors proposed that components be distinguished according to the multivariate technique on which they rely, but more recent studies suggest that several multivariate techniques, providing different functional representations (such as dendrograms and ordinations) of the community can in fact express the same functional component. Here, we review the relevant literature and find that (1) general ecological acceptance of the field is hampered by ambiguous terminology and (2) our understanding of the role of multivariate techniques in defining components is unclear. To address these issues, we provide new definitions for the three basic functional diversity components namely functional richness, functional divergence and functional regularity. In addition, we present a classification of presence‐/absence‐based approaches suitable for quantifying these components. We focus exclusively on the binary case for its relative simplicity. We find illogical, as well as logical but unused combinations of components and representations; and reveal that components can be quantified almost independently from the functional representation of the community. Finally, theoretical and practical implications of the new classification are discussed.

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Effects of different hydrological conditions on the taxonomic structure and functional traits of mollusk communities in a large floodplain wetland

Zhang,

Datry,

Zhang

et al. 2024

Ecology and Evolution

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Floodplain wetlands are critical to the conservation of aquatic biodiversity and the ecological integrity of river networks. However, increasing drought severity and frequency caused by climate change can reduce floodplain wetlands' resistance and recovery capacities. Mollusks, which are common inhabitants of floodplain wetlands, are among the most vulnerable species to drought. However, the response of mollusk communities to drought has received little attention. Here, we investigated how the structure and functional traits of mollusk communities changed in response to varying hydrological conditions, including a flash drought (FD) in the Poyang Lake floodplain wetland. Our findings showed that FD strongly reduced mollusk abundance and biomass, decreased both α‐ and β‐diversity, and resulted in the extinction of bivalve taxa. A sudden shift in community trait structure was discovered due to the extinction of many species. These traits, which include deposit feeding, crawling, scraping, aerial respiration, and dormancy, help mollusks survive in FD and tolerate completely dry out of their Changhuchi habitat. Finally, we discovered that dissolved oxygen was an important controlling variable for mollusk communities during drought. Our findings provide a scientific basis for the management and conservation of floodplain wetland biodiversity in the context of increasing drought frequency and intensity.

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Concepts and applications in functional diversity

Abstract: This article has been accepted for publication and undergone full peer review but has not been through the copyediting, typesetting, pagination and proofreading process, which may lead to differences between this version and the Version of Record. Please cite this article as

Cited by 141 publications

References 132 publications

Combined effects of bird extinctions and introductions in oceanic islands: decreased functional diversity despite increased species richness

Combined effects of bird extinctions and introductions in oceanic islands: decreased functional diversity despite increased species richness

Components of functional diversity revisited: A new classification and its theoretical and practical implications

Effects of different hydrological conditions on the taxonomic structure and functional traits of mollusk communities in a large floodplain wetland

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