Concepts and Analysis of Surface Acidity and Basicity

Karge, Hellmut G.

doi:10.1002/9783527610044.hetcat0057

Cited by 12 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 155 publications

(85 reference statements)

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“…To study the structure–activity relationship, it is essential to analyze the surface structure of catalytic sites, such as the characteristics of their acidic or basic sites. Beside the traditional acid–base titration, the adsorption–desorption or spectroscopy analysis using probe molecules is widely used. − The temperature programed desorption combined with mass spectrometer (TPD-MS) is a convenient method for both qualitative and quantitative analysis of surface acidity or basicity, which employs the ammonia or carbon dioxide as the probe molecules. To further distinguish the Lewis acid and Brønsted acid, the pyridine is used as a probe molecule in the infrared spectroscopy (IR) analysis.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synergistic Catalysis for Promoting Ring-Opening Hydrogenation of Biomass-Derived Cyclic Oxygenates

et al. 2023

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Biomass has attracted great attention as a carbon source for the production of valuable chemicals and fuels. Selective ring-opening hydrogenation of cyclic oxygenates derived from biomass offers promising approaches for catalytic synthesis of value-added oxygen-containing compounds compared to corresponding fossil-based protocols. Different catalytic sites are required to perform distinct types of elementary reaction steps (e.g., adsorption and activation of oxygen-containing groups, association of a hydrogen molecule), and thus the synergistic effect of these sites plays a critical role in the selective hydrogenation transformation, which has attracted increasing attention in recent years. Here, we present a review of the ring-opening hydrogenation of the representative platforms of furfural, 5-hydroxymethylfurfural, γ-valerolactone, triacetic acid lactone, and their derivatives catalyzed by various homogeneous and heterogeneous catalysts. The particular focus is placed on the synergistic effect of the active sites, including Brønsted acid, Lewis acid, base, and metallic sites, on the selective scission of two different cyclic C–O bonds and related hydrogenation transformation. The reaction mechanism is also discussed to provide insights for guiding the design of multifunctional catalysts for biomass valorization. Finally, the current challenges and future opportunities in the synergistic catalytic ring-opening transformation of biomass-derived cyclic compounds are also analyzed.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synergistic Catalysis for Promoting Ring-Opening Hydrogenation of Biomass-Derived Cyclic Oxygenates

et al. 2023

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“…Basicity of catalyst is the amount of basic sites on a solid per unit weight of solid sample usually expressed as the numbers of mmol of basic sites per unit weight of the solid [ 25 , 26 ]. The basic strength of the solid catalyst surface is defined as the ability of the surface to convert an adsorbed electrically neutral acid to its conjugate [ 26 , 27 ].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synthesis and characterization of a heterogeneous catalyst from a mixture of waste animal teeth and bone for castor seed oil biodiesel production

Mengistu

Reshad

2022

Heliyon

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“…In this study, to determine the analysis of surface acidity and basicity analysis of a modified fly ash catalyst, reference was made to the concept developed by Karge (2008). The characterization used to assess the acidic strength of a catalyst involved gravimetric techniques utilizing ammonia and pyridine.…”

Section: Surface Acidity and Basicity Of Modified Fly Ash Catalysts A...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Modification of Recycled Industrial Solid Waste Incineration Fly Ash as a Low-cost Catalyst for NOx Removal

Darmansyah,

You,

Wang

2024

Aerosol Air Qual. Res.

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Fly ash is solid waste from incinerators that contains complex compounds that have great potential to synthesize valuable materials. This study devises synthesizing a low-cost catalyst from recycled fly ash using a combination of metal oxides (ZrO2, TiO2, and MgO) to remove NOx. This study also investigated the impact of various factors on the synergetic purification of NOx as an air pollution emission. Microscopic characterization showed that increasing the composition of metal oxides can increase the specific surface area of fly ash, crystallinity, binding energy, and the dispersion of metal oxides into the fly ash, favoring the adsorption and the oxidation of NOx onto the surface-modified fly ash catalysts. The NOx removal in raw fly ash (RFA) at 25°C is 10.39%, increasing to 90.3% in the modified fly ash catalyst (FA/Zr-10%) at 250°C. The modified fly ash catalysts can reduce catalyst costs for NOx removal by one-ninth, and the operating temperature is about 10-15% lower than conventional catalysts. In summary, industrial solid waste incineration fly ash holds excellent potential when modified with metal oxides, serving as an economical and highly efficient catalyst for NOx removal.

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Concepts and Analysis of Surface Acidity and Basicity

Abstract: The sections in this article are Introduction Concepts of Acidity and Basicity of Zeolite and Oxide Catalysts Analysis of Acidity and Basicity Conclusion

Cited by 12 publications

References 155 publications

Synergistic Catalysis for Promoting Ring-Opening Hydrogenation of Biomass-Derived Cyclic Oxygenates

Synergistic Catalysis for Promoting Ring-Opening Hydrogenation of Biomass-Derived Cyclic Oxygenates

Synthesis and characterization of a heterogeneous catalyst from a mixture of waste animal teeth and bone for castor seed oil biodiesel production

Modification of Recycled Industrial Solid Waste Incineration Fly Ash as a Low-cost Catalyst for NOx Removal

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