Discusses the background to the decision to bill users of the library of
the Dutch company KEMA on the basis of actual use, and the problems
involved. KEMA′s practices are related to the theory as covered in the
literature of the past five years. Users have generally reacted
positively to the charging system. The library adheres to the four
important rules which a library must apply in operating a cost billing
system – response time, reliability, competitiveness, and value – but the
system is administratively cumbersome. The KEMA library succeeds in
covering its costs and so fulfils its task of “providing commercial
services with a balanced budget”.