Concept of Paraneurons

Fujita, Tsuneo

doi:10.1679/aohc1950.40.supplement_1

Cited by 152 publications

(44 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…A similar structure has been described in the pancreas of the dog (FUJITA and KOBA-YASHI, 1979) and the snake, Elaphe quadrivirgata (FUJI et al, 1980). These phenomena strongly support the view that neurons may release their secretions partly into the blood by "neurosecretion" and partly into the tissue space to affect targets in the neighborhood (FUJITA, 1977).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 78%

Fine structure of duvernoy's gland of the japanese colubrid snake, Rhabdophis tigrinus.

Souma

Ishiyama

Ogawa

1982

Arch. Histol. Jap., Arch. Histol. Jpn

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Summary. Duvernoy's gland (a type of venom gland) of the Japanese colubrid snake, Rhabdophis tigrinus, was examined by electron microscopy.The secretory units of the gland consist of the secretory and myoepithelial cells. The secretory cells are columnar in shape and have well-developed rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER), Golgi apparatus and mitochondria in the basal perinuclear cytoplasm. The secretory granules are homogeneous in structure and moderately dense. They are accumulated in the apical cytoplasm and are released by exocytosis into the lumen. The myoepithelial cells often enclose the secretory units, contain bundles of filaments in the cytoplasmic process, and are innervated by the free endings of the autonomic nerves through the basement membrane. In addition, many nerve terminals end in pericapillary spaces, suggesting a release of neurosecretions into the blood. The duct epithelium is composed of typical mucus secreting cells, whose cytoplasm contains secretory globules of lower electron density.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 78%

Fine structure of duvernoy's gland of the japanese colubrid snake, Rhabdophis tigrinus.

Souma

Ishiyama

Ogawa

1982

Arch. Histol. Jap., Arch. Histol. Jpn

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“…This substance has been reported to control blood flow in the liver lobules as well as intestinal movement and secretion (ERSPAMER and MELCHIORRI, 1977). It seems reasonable to postulate that substance P released from the bile duct wall might be taken up into the peribiliary capillary plexus and conveyed by the peribiliary portal vessels to the hepatic lobules as proposed by FUJITA (1977).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 94%

The Peribiliary Portal System in the Rabbit Liver

Ohtani

1979

Arch. Histol. Jap., Arch. Histol. Jpn

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“…These assumptions are supported by the present finding of S-100 protein in the mucosa of the lacrimal sac and nasolacrimal duct as well as earlier findings of lipid droplets localised in the apical part of the duct epithelial cells . Based on its wide distribution it is supposed that the peptide belongs to the diffuse endocrine cells, the paraneurons (Fujita, 1977), which may play a role in the interaction between the endocrine, nervous and immune system in the main lacrimal gland (Kelleher et al 1991). Using an antibody recognising both subunits, S-100α and S-100β, the protein is identified in the same myelinated nerve fibre bundles marked by RT 97 as well as in finer unmyelinated nerve fibres in the mucosa, the subepithelial region, the blood vessels of the cavernous body, and in the area of the seromucous glands in the efferent tear ducts.…”

Section: mentioning

confidence: 99%

Innervation of the cavernous body of the human efferent tear ducts and function in tear outflow mechanism

et al. 2000

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The lacrimal sac and nasolacrimal duct are surrounded by a wide cavernous system of veins and arteries comparable to a cavernous body. The present study aimed to demonstrate the ultrastructure of the nervous tissue and the localisation of neuropeptides involved in the innervation of the cavernous body, a topic not previously investigated. Different S-100 protein antisera, neuronal markers (neuron-specific enolase, anti-200 kDa neurofilament), neuropeptides (substance P, neuropeptide Y, calcitonin gene-related peptide, vasoactive intestinal polypeptide) and the neuronal enzyme tyrosine hydroxylase were used to demonstrate the distribution pattern of the nervous tissue. The ultrastructure of the innervating nerve fibres was also examined by means of standard transmission electron microscopy.The cavernous body contained specialised arteries and veins known as barrier arteries, capacitance veins, and throttle veins. Perivascularly, the tissue was rich in myelinated and unmyelinated nerve fibres in a plexus-like network. Small seromucous glands found in the region of the fundus of the lacrimal sac were contacted by nerve fibres forming a plexus around their alveoli. Many nerve fibres were positive for S-100 protein (S 100), neuron-specific enolase (NSE), anti-200 kDa neurofilament (RT 97), calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP), substance P (SP), tyrosine hydroxylase (TH), and neuropeptide Y (NPY). Vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP) immunoreactivity was only demonstrated adjacent to the seromucous glands.Both the density of nerve fibres as well as the presence of various neuropeptides emphasises the neural control of the cavernous body of the human efferent tear ducts. By means of this innervation, the specialised blood vessels permit regulation of blood flow by opening and closing the lumen of the lacrimal passage as effected by the engorgement and subsidence of the cavernous body, at the same time regulating tear outflow. Related functions such as a role in the occurrence of epiphora related to emotional responses are relevant. Moreover, malfunction in the innervation of the cavernous body may lead to disturbances in the tear outflow cycle, ocular congestion or total occlusion of the lacrimal passages.

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Concept of Paraneurons

Cited by 152 publications

References 41 publications

Fine structure of duvernoy's gland of the japanese colubrid snake, Rhabdophis tigrinus.

Fine structure of duvernoy's gland of the japanese colubrid snake, Rhabdophis tigrinus.

The Peribiliary Portal System in the Rabbit Liver

Innervation of the cavernous body of the human efferent tear ducts and function in tear outflow mechanism

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