Concept, Motives and Channels of Digital Shadow Economy: Consumers’ Attitude

Abstract

The purpose of this article is to define the concept of digital shadow economy and identify its determinants and channels from consumers' position. In order to fulfil the defined purpose, the method of snowball sampling was employed. The results of the research revealed that consumers interpret digital shadow economy as an illegal operation in the Internet space, which generates illegal money flows for commodity/service providers or purchasers, and deprives legal traders/service providers from the revenue that could be officially accounted, calculated and declared. E-shops, social networks and websites are the channels, most commonly engaged for acquisition of goods/services in digital space; the categories of goods/services acquired by these channels include clothing and footwear, trips and entertainment, cosmetics and perfume. Purification of the concept of digital shadow economy from consumers' position allowed to define the concept of digital shadow economy, which is a significant contribution to the evolution of the theory of digital shadow economy, and can enable to develop an instrument for measuring the scopes of digital shadow economy in further research.

Regional Estimates of Shadow Economy in Lithuania

“…Relevance of the topic. The fight against tax evasion, shadow economy, digital shadow economy and illegal employment in the regions has become one of the most important tasks of most countries over the past year, as the lack of information on the level of shadow economy in the regions does not allow to choose effective measures to eliminate the consequences of shadow economy (Gaspareniene et al, 2017). Identification of causes for the level of shadow economy, emergence and the spread of shadow economy in regions would enable to reduce other problems closely related with shadow, such as social exclusion between the cities and regions, higher unemployment rates in the regions, lower direct investment flows into the regions, lower average income, higher domestic and international migration compared to bigger cities.…”

Monetary History and Money Types in Digital Economy

“…In the new economic conditions, transformational money is breaking new ground, thereby being in advance of accounting money and transactional money. In the digital economy coordinates, the monetary system is modified intensively [26]. In general, there is a transformation of the global financial system taking place nowadays.…”

Empreendedorismo Informal Digital e Social Commerce no Nordeste brasileiro: Um Modelo de Negócios no Instagram

“…O critério "a" justifica-se em virtude de ser um dos recortes principais da temática abordada nesta investigação. O critério "b" foi escolhido como uma forma de limitar a investigação a um determinado segmento e o de vestuário foi escolhido, visto que, de acordo com a Associação Brasileira de Vestuário (ABRAVEST) (2018), aumentou bastante o número de empresas que vendem vestuário do varejo e porque, segundo Gasparėnienė et al (2017), roupas e calçados são os produtos mais vendidos (27%) na economia informal digital. O critério "c" foi adicionado tendo-se em mente que empreendedores informais digitais com menos de 3 (três) meses da criação do perfil e, consequentemente, do estabelecimento podem não ter as respostas para os questionamentos desta pesquisa.…”

“…Ao combinar o empreendedorismo informal com o digital tem-se um ambiente on-line com atividades econômicas que não são reguladas por autoridades públicas. Nesse cenário, os principais canais em que esse tipo de empreendedorismo se localiza são os e-shops, sites e redes sociais virtuais (GASPARĖNIENĖ et al, 2017), como o Instagram.…”