“…Consequently, formal concept lattices represent conceptual hierarchies embedded in the data under study (Ganter, Stumme, & Wille, 2002). For its formal representations and analysis of problems, formal concept lattice spans a wide range of applications (Ganter et al, 2005; Ganter & Wille, 2012; Poelmans, Ignatov, Kuznetsov, & Dedene, 2013) including information retrieval (Aloui & Grissa, 2015; Dau, Ducrou, & Eklund, 2008; Formica, 2012; Godin, Pichet, & Gecsei, 1989; Priss, 2000; Zhi & Li, 2018; Zou, Deng, Wan, Wang, & Deng, 2017), knowledge representation and discovery (Li, Mei, Kumar, & Zhang, 2013; Li, Mei, & Lv, 2012; Li, Mei, Xu, & Qian, 2015; Xu & Li, 2014), software engineering (Eisenbarth, Koschke, & Simon, 2001; Fischer, 2000; Godin & Mili, 1993; Krone & Snelting, 1994), and machine learning (Carpineto & Romano, 1996; Kuznetsov, 2004; Mi, Liu, et al, 2020; Mi, Shi, et al, 2020; Shi, Mi, Li, & Liu, 2018). In software engineering, concept lattices are used as a powerful tool to structure random observations.…”