Concentrations, transport, fate, and releases of polybrominated diphenyl ethers in sewage treatment plants in the Pearl River Delta, South China

Peng, Xianzhi; Tang, Caiming; Yu, Yiyi; Tan, Jianhua; Huang, Qiuxin; Wu, Jiangping; Chen, She-Jun; Mai, Bi-Xian

doi:10.1016/j.envint.2008.07.021

Cited by 115 publications

(40 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…4-methylbenzylidenecamphor, ethylhexyl-methoxy cinnamate and octocrylene). [31][32][33][34][35] It is believed that the release of WWTP effluent and sludge could also be an important source of BZTs reaching the environment. 36 In this study, we focused our attention on the occurrence and removal efficiency of seven hydrophobic BZT-UVs: UV-P (2-(2-hydroxy-5-methylphenyl) benzotriazole), UV-234 ([3,5-bis (1-methyl-1-phenylethyl)-2-hydroxyphenyl] benzotriazole), UV-320, UV-326, UV-327, UV-328 and UV-329 (Fig.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Occurrence and removal of benzotriazole ultraviolet stabilizers in a wastewater treatment plant in China.

Song

Ruan

Wang

et al. 2014

Environ. Sci.: Processes Impacts

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Benzotriazole ultraviolet stabilizers (BZT-UVs) have previously been found in sludge from wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs), which might be potential sources of BZT-UVs to the surrounding environment. In this work, the occurrence and fate of seven emerging 2-hydroxyphenyl substituted BZTUVs were investigated in a Chinese WWTP. This group of hydrophobic BZT-UVs possess log K ow values ranging from 4.31 to 7.67 which could be associated with their fate in WWTPs. Field samples including 24 h flow composites of influent, effluent and grab sludge samples from different treatment processes were collected and analyzed. Concentrations of BZT-UVs dissolved in aqueous-phases were in the range of 4.88 AE 1.35 (UV-234) to 34.5 AE 12.4 ng L À1 (UV-P) in the primary influent, while only UV-P and UV-328 were detected in the final effluent at concentrations of 10.5 AE 6.59 and 2.74 AE 1.73 ng L À1 , respectively. Considering the amount of target BZT-UVs adsorbed to total suspended solids (TSS), the daily mass flux in the primary influent of the WWTP ranged from 22.3 g day À1 (UV-P, 7.99%) to 74.0 g day À1 (UV-234, 26.5%). Total removal efficiency of the integrated treatment process ranged from 89.7% for UV-P to 99.7% for UV-234 suggesting nearly complete removal. Organic solid sedimentation in primary and secondary clarifiers was the dominant elimination route for BZT-UV analogues, which constituted 96.3% of the total removal efficiency. Advanced treatment (using ultraviolet disinfection) in this plant might further contribute to the high removal efficiencies (ranging from 19.6% to 77.3%). Environmental impactBenzotriazole UV stabilizers (BZT-UVs) have received increasing attention due to their potential environmental persistence and bioaccumulation properties. They are high production chemicals that are found in various consumer products. Research into the occurrence and behavior of various BZT-UVs in wastewater treatment plants is still scarce in China, especially for newly identied analogues such as UV-329 and UV-234. In this paper, a detailed investigation into the occurrence and removal of seven widely used BZT-UVs was performed to provide information on the quantity and routes of how BZT-UVs might enter the environment from wastewater treatment plants. Mass balance calculations are applied to both aqueous and solid phases to estimate the removal efficiency of each treatment process, and the possible mechanisms of removal are further discussed.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Occurrence and removal of benzotriazole ultraviolet stabilizers in a wastewater treatment plant in China.

Song

Ruan

Wang

et al. 2014

Environ. Sci.: Processes Impacts

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“…There were no other sewage sludge EFs available to compare with our result. A recent study (Peng et al, 2009) indicated that PBDEs were not substantially degraded by biological treatment in wastewater treatment plants in Guangzhou. This implies that wastewater treatment may not cause significantly enantioselective biotransformation of c-HBCD and that the selective biotransformation of this enantiomer may mainly occur in the aquatic environment.…”

Section: Enantiomeric Fractions Of Hbcdmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hexabromocyclododecane (HBCD) and tetrabromobisphenol A (TBBPA) in riverine and estuarine sediments of the Pearl River Delta in southern China, with emphasis on spatial variability in diastereoisomer- and enantiomer-specific distribution of HBCD

Feng

Chen

et al. 2012

Marine Pollution Bulletin

139

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“…In the Pearl River of China, the measured concentrations of BDE-209 in sediment and in water were up to 7340 ng/g and 65 ng/L, respectively (Chen et al, 2005;Guan et al, 2007). In waste water and sewage sludge, BDE-209 was detected at up to 2412 ng/L and 22,894 ng/g, respectively, in two sewage treatment plants in the Pearl River Delta, China (Peng et al, 2009). In rivers around e-waste areas and industrial parks of Guangdong, South China, BDE-209 was detected in carp (Cirrhinus molitorell) at levels up to 28,000 ng/g (Zhang et al, 2009a,b).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bioconcentration and metabolism of decabromodiphenyl ether (BDE-209) result in thyroid endocrine disruption in zebrafish larvae

et al. 2012

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Concentrations, transport, fate, and releases of polybrominated diphenyl ethers in sewage treatment plants in the Pearl River Delta, South China

Cited by 115 publications

References 24 publications

Occurrence and removal of benzotriazole ultraviolet stabilizers in a wastewater treatment plant in China.

Occurrence and removal of benzotriazole ultraviolet stabilizers in a wastewater treatment plant in China.

Hexabromocyclododecane (HBCD) and tetrabromobisphenol A (TBBPA) in riverine and estuarine sediments of the Pearl River Delta in southern China, with emphasis on spatial variability in diastereoisomer- and enantiomer-specific distribution of HBCD

Bioconcentration and metabolism of decabromodiphenyl ether (BDE-209) result in thyroid endocrine disruption in zebrafish larvae

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