Concentrations of trace substances in sewage sludge from 28 wastewater treatment works in the UK

Jones, Vera; Gardner, Michael; Ellor, Brian

doi:10.1016/j.chemosphere.2014.04.025

Cited by 51 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…Concentrations of DEHP in biosolids (15 mg kg DS reported by Clarke and Smith [53]. The DEHP concentrations measured in the biosolids samples also corresponded to the mean and median values of 19 and 11 mg kg for DEHP in sludge from UK wastewater treatment plants reported by Jones et al [45]. The waste samples were examined for short (C10-C1) and medium (C14-C17) chain CPs.…”

Section: Non-targeted Screen Of New and Emerging Contaminantssupporting

confidence: 64%

“…The Grade C RWW2 had the largest ∑PAH4 value of 390 µg kg , respectively, for these PAH congeners in sludge. The biosolids isampled here had undergone anaerobic digestion whereas the primary and secondary sludges investigated by Jones et al [45] were untreated. However, it is unlikely that the lower concentrations observed for Biosolids1 and 2 were due to removal during anaerobic digestion, as PAHs are relatively recalcitrant, and modest removals of only approximately 10% have been observed for benzo[a]pyrene and benzo [b]fluoranthene under normal mesophilic digestion conditions [46].…”

Section: Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon (Pah) Concentrationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The waste samples were examined for short (C10-C1) and medium (C14-C17) chain CPs. Medium chain CPs were detected in Biosolids2 and CLO1 at approximate concentrations of 9 and 3 mg kg [45] The CBs, hexachlorobenzene (HCB) and pentachlorobenzene (PeCB) were detected at very low values of approximately 0.5 µg kg DS, and was also detected in the biosolids, although quantification was not possible. Clarke and Smith [53] reported mean concentrations of galaxolide and tonalide in biosolids of 141 and 365 µg kg −1 DS, respectively.…”

Section: Non-targeted Screen Of New and Emerging Contaminantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Organic Contaminant Content and Physico-Chemical Characteristics of Waste Materials Recycled in Agriculture

et al. 2015

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A range of wastes representative of materials currently applied, or with future potential to be applied, to agricultural land in the UK as fertilisers and soil improvers or used as animal bedding in livestock production, were investigated. In addition to full physico-chemical characterization, the materials were analysed for a suite of priority organic contaminants. In general, contaminants were present at relatively low concentrations. For example, for biosolids and compost-like-output (CLO), concentrations of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins/dibenzofurans (PCDD/Fs) and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) were approximately 1−10 and 5-50 times lower, respectively, than various proposed or implemented European limit values for these contaminants in biosolids or composts applied to agricultural land. However, the technical basis for these limits may require re-evaluation in some cases. Polybrominated, and mixed halogenated, dibenzo-p-dioxins/dibenzofurans OPEN ACCESSAgriculture 2015, 5 1290 are not currently considered in risk assessments of dioxins and dioxin-like chemicals, but were detected at relatively high concentrations compared with PCDD/Fs in the biosolids and CLOs and their potential contribution to the overall toxic equivalency is assessed. Other 'emerging' contaminants, such as organophosphate flame retardants, were detected in several of the waste materials, and their potential significance is discussed. The study is part of a wider research programme that will provide evidence that is expected to improve confidence in the use of waste-derived materials in agriculture and to establish guidelines to protect the food chain where necessary.

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Section: Non-targeted Screen Of New and Emerging Contaminantssupporting

confidence: 64%

Section: Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon (Pah) Concentrationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Non-targeted Screen Of New and Emerging Contaminantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Organic Contaminant Content and Physico-Chemical Characteristics of Waste Materials Recycled in Agriculture

et al. 2015

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“…For a better estimate of the risk associated with the use of sludge, one of the first steps is the hazard characterization, which characterizes and quantifies chemical contaminants and pathogenic microorganisms (Cheng et al, 2012, Jones et al, 2014.…”

Section: Stp -Usp Campus São Carlos São Paulo Statementioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, by its origin -from the sewage treatment -the sludge concentrates many elements, which can pose risks to the environment and public health, such as heavy metals, pharmaceutical contaminants, polyaromatic hydrocarbons and pathogens (Andreoli et al, 2008, Cheng et al, 2012, Jones, Gardner, & Ellor, 2014, Cieslik, Namiesnik, & Konieczka, 2015, Gyawali, Sidhu, Ahmed, Jagals, & Toze, 2015, Rocha, Barés, & Braga, 2016.There is little information on the number and survival of pathogens in biosolids because of difficulties with detection methods, especially for viruses and protozoa (Sidhu & Toze, 2009).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

<b>Quantification and analysis of the viability of (oo)cysts of pathogenic protozoa in sewage sludge

Medeiros

Daniel

2018

Acta Sci. Technol.

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ABSTRACT. For the use of sewage sludge, it is extremely important to consider the microbiological aspect of this byproduct that poses direct and indirect risks to public health as for its inadequate handling and use. This study aimed to quantify Giardia spp. cysts and Cryptosporidium spp. oocysts and infer their viability in sludge samples from two sewage treatment plants. The method used consisted of three successive centrifugations followed by immunofluorescence assay and staining with propidium iodide. Samples were 100% (14/14) positive for cysts and 57.1% (8/14) for oocysts, with higher concentrations and mean viability above 75%. The change in the treatment of activated sludge, from extended aeration to conventional system, caused no difference in the concentration and viability of (oo)cysts.

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Liquid chromatography quadrupole time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry identification and determination of tri‐ and hexaaryl chloro imidazoles in sewage sludge

et al. 2017

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The identification and further quantification of 2-chloro-triarylimidazole (o-Cl-TAI) and its dimer (o-DCl-HABI) in sludge from a sewage treatment plant (STP) is reported for the first time. Liquid chromatography (LC) quadrupole time-of-flight (QTOF) mass spectrometry (MS) was used as analytical technique during screening and determination steps. Pollutants were identified following a post-run search strategy, applying the chlorine mass filter, and characterized by their accurate MS and product ion scan spectra. Finally, their identities were confirmed with authentic standards. The species (o-Cl-TAI) has been rated as potentially genotoxic and carcinogenic for mice and rats. Effects of sample preparation in the stability and the extraction efficiency of both compounds are discussed. Under final conditions, they were extracted from freeze-dried samples (0.5 g of sludge or biosolids dispersed with 2 g of C and packed into a polypropylene syringe) with 20 ml of methanol, which also flowed through a clean-up layer of Florisil and PSA sorbents (0.5 g each). This method attained quantitative extraction yields and limits of quantification between 4 and 10 ng/g. The pollutants o-Cl-TAI and o-DCl-HABI were ubiquitous in sludge and biosolids obtained in consecutive years from the investigated STP. Their concentrations varied from 0.02 to more than 13 μg/g (freeze-dried sample). Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

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Concentrations of trace substances in sewage sludge from 28 wastewater treatment works in the UK

Cited by 51 publications

References 10 publications

Organic Contaminant Content and Physico-Chemical Characteristics of Waste Materials Recycled in Agriculture

Organic Contaminant Content and Physico-Chemical Characteristics of Waste Materials Recycled in Agriculture

<b>Quantification and analysis of the viability of (oo)cysts of pathogenic protozoa in sewage sludge

Liquid chromatography quadrupole time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry identification and determination of tri‐ and hexaaryl chloro imidazoles in sewage sludge

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