Concentrations of Selected Adipokines, Interleukin-6, and Vitamin D in Patients with Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma in Respect to Thyroid Cancer Stages

Abstract

The relationships between thyroid cancer and obesity are not fully understood. Adipokines, proinflammatory cytokines, and vitamin D may mediate these associations. In this study, we estimated serum concentrations of leptin, adiponectin, chemerin, interleukin-6 (IL-6), and vitamin D in patients with papillary thyroid cancer (PTC). We searched for associations between the adipokines, IL-6, vitamin D, anthropometric parameters, and TNM AJCC/UICC 2017 classification in 177 patients diagnosed with PTC (151 women and 26 men). Normal weight patients were predominantly classified as clinical stage I. The prevalence of stages higher than I was significantly higher in PTC patients with BMI ≥ 25 or with metabolic syndrome. Using logistic regression waist circumference ≥ 88 cm in women and ≥102 cm in men, upper tertiles of IL-6 and leptin were associated with a higher clinical stage. There were no differences in the prevalence of microcarcinomas in analyzed groups (BMI ≥ 25 versus BMI < 25 and with metabolic syndrome presence versus without metabolic syndrome). No significant relationships between serum concentrations of leptin, adiponectin, chemerin, IL-6, vitamin D, and tumor size in PTC were found. Although insulin resistance represented by the HOMA index was associated with anthropometric variables and with serum leptin, adiponectin, chemerin, and IL-6 concentrations, in our study, no statistically significant relations with PTC staging were identified.

The Immune Landscape of Thyroid Cancer in the Context of Immune Checkpoint Inhibition

“…TC-derived conditioned media (CM) induced the up-regulation of IL-6 in human mast cells [47] and contributed to epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and stemness, which are features of TC [48]. Studies comparing levels of circulating IL-6 among TC patients and controls have provided inconsistent results [49,50,51].…”

Adipose Tissue, Obesity and Adiponectin: Role in Endocrine Cancer Risk

“…The negative relationship with APN was, however, absent, even among women, when the time interval between blood collection and thyroid cancer diagnosis was less than six years [102]. Finally, in a recent paper, no direct association between decreased levels of APN and tumor size or stages was found [103].…”

More Than an Adipokine: The Complex Roles of Chemerin Signaling in Cancer

“…The mechanisms linking obesity to thyroid cancer are not completely understood, but there has been considerable interest in the role of adipocytokines. Recently, Warakomski et al sought to evaluate the relationship between serum chemerin, IL-6, leptin, and adiponectin and papillary thyroid cancer [66]. Overweight or obese patients (BMI > 25 kg/m 2 ) did not have larger tumor sizes but were more often at an advanced clinical stage (II, III, or IV).…”