Concentrations of salinomycin in eggs and tissues of laying chickens fed medicated feed for 14 days followed by withdrawal for 3 days†

Abstract

Laying chickens were fed medicated feed containing various concentrations of sodium salinomycin (SAL) for 14 days followed by a 3 day withdrawal period. Eggs, collected during treatment and withdrawal, tissues and ovarian yolk of birds slaughtered after 0, 1, and 3 days' withdrawal were extracted and analysed by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Tissues, ovarian yolk and freeze-dried egg albumen and yolk were extracted with acetone, followed by partitioning with petroleum ether and HPLC analysis. Albumen was extracted with methanol and analysed without further clean-up. Salinomycin was detected at 520 nm after post-column reaction with vanillin at 95 degrees C. Recoveries of fortified salinomycin from freeze-dried eggs (albumen and yolk) and tissue, premix and feed were nearly quantitative (> 90%), except liver which was < 85%. The detection limit was estimated to be 5 ng g-1, with the practical quantifiable limit being about 10 ng g-1. Highest SAL concentrations were in the more fatty components such as egg yolk, ovarian yolk and subcutaneous fat. SAL residues in other tissues were generally low and followed the order liver, kidney, thigh and breast muscles. SAL residues were dependent on the SAL concentration in feed and declined rapidly during withdrawal.

Distribution of semduramicin in hen eggs and tissues after administration of cross-contaminated feed

“…Except monensin (Vandenberge et al 2012), all other ionophore coccidiostats tend to accumulate mostly in yolks. The yolk-to-albumen ratio varies from 3.2 for narasin (Kan & Petz 2000), to 18.5-30 for salinomycin (Akhtar et al 1996) to 197 for lasalocid (Vandenberge et al 2012). In some studies it was impossible to detect this ratio because the level in albumen was below the LOD.…”

“…In the study performed by Akhtar et al (1996) the residues in ovarian yolks were the highest of all tested matrices, followed by subcutaneous fat (2.5-5 times lower, depending on the dose), and liver and kidney (20-30 times lower). The residues in muscles were detected only directly after exposure and only in the highest applied doses (90 and 150 mg kg −1 feed) (Akhtar et al 1996). Similar results were obtained by Šinigoj-Gačnik and Rojs (2008) -salinomycin was detected only in ovarian yolks and abdominal fat.…”

“…A study on distribution has been published for salinomycin and maduramicin. Maduramicin was found mainly in heart, liver and gizzard (Tkáciková et al 2010), whereas salinomycin was detected mostly in ovarian yolk, followed by fat, liver and kidney (Akhtar et al 1996;Šinigoj-Gačnik & Rojs 2008).…”

Comparison of Microwave Assisted Extraction with Conventional (Homogenization, Vortexing) for the Determination of Incurred Salinomycin in Chicken Eggs and Tissues

“…[1] Animal Treatment White Leghorn laying hens (1.5 to 2.1 kg body weight; 75 to 80% egg production) were fed ration containing 0 (control), 30, 60, 90, and 150 mg of SAL kg À1 for 14 days. Birds were sacrificed at 0, 1, and 3 days post-withdrawal from treated feed as described by Akhtar et al [24] Tissues and Eggs Samples of liver, kidney, and muscle from control and treated birds were cut into small pieces, hand-mixed, subdivided, and frozen in dry ice. Ovarian yolk was stored without mixing.…”

“…[16][17][18]21,22,24] Recently 836 Akhtar ORDER REPRINTS the use of 4-dimethyl-aminobenzaldehyde (DMABA) as the derivatizing reagent was reported. [1,23] The current study was conducted to compare an MAE method [1] with a solvent and a vortexing solvent extraction method [24] for the extraction and determination of SAL residues in chicken tissues and eggs. Efforts were also made to analyse homogenized extract without any expensive time consuming cleanup procedure as mentioned by Gerhardt et al [19] MATERIALS AND METHODS…”