Concentrations of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in samples of soil, feed and food collected in the Niger Delta region, Nigeria: A probabilistic human health risk assessment

Okoye, Esther Amaka; Bocca, Beatrice; Ruggieri, Flavia; Ezejiofor, Anthonett N.; Nwaogazie, Ify L.; Domingo, José L.; Rovira, Joaquim; Frazzoli, Chiara; Orisakwe, Orish Ebere

doi:10.1016/j.envres.2021.111619

Cited by 16 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…Ephraim-Emmanuel and Ordinioha (2021) and Okoye et al (2021) agree with the current finding, as they reported that the PAHs are significant toxic components of crude oil prevalent in the Niger Delta region. Howard et al (2021) finding is related to the current fining.…”

Section: Proportion Of Pahs In the Blood Plasma Of Under-five Childre...supporting

confidence: 91%

Blood Plasma Concentration of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Under Five Children in Niger Delta, Nigeria

Ezebuwa,

Essien,

Anacletus

et al. 2023

IJPH

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PAHs are known carcinogens associated with immune system suppression, skin irritation, allergic reactions, respiratory problems, mutagenic issues and are generally toxic to humans. In this study, we assessed the presence and proportions of PAHs in the blood plasma of under-five children living in crude oil-polluted environment in Ogoniland, Niger Delta region of Nigeria. Communities resident in close proximity to crude oil exploration sites are constantly faced with environmental, socio-economic and health consequences of crude oil pollution. People can be exposed to PAHs through multiple routes including inhalation, ingestion and dermal contact. Ethical clearance for this study was obtained from the Ethics Committee, University of Port Harcourt. A total of 78 children were recruited from Gokana (male =17, female= 22) and Ideato (Male=15, female=24) using multi-clustered sampling method. Standard procedures were observed in this study. Results obtained were compared with under five children living in non-oil polluted environments within the Niger Delta province. The overall average PAHs was 0.331±0.383 mg/kg for Gokana males and 0.058±0.057mg/kg for Ideato males; overall average PAHs was 0.514±0.373 mg/kg for Gokana females and 0.100±0.049 mg/kg for Ideato female; overall average PAHs was 0.423±0.383 mg/kg Gokana and 0.081±0.057 mg/kg for Ideato. Under-five children in Ogoniland showed positive blood plasma PAHs higher than the comparison group in Ideato. However, carcinogenic PAHs were below levels of concern in the study population. The male gender showed higher positive PAHs than the female gender. Further studies on inflammation, stress factors and overall health status are recommended considering the vulnerability of the study population.

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Section: Proportion Of Pahs In the Blood Plasma Of Under-five Childre...supporting

confidence: 91%

Blood Plasma Concentration of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Under Five Children in Niger Delta, Nigeria

Ezebuwa,

Essien,

Anacletus

et al. 2023

IJPH

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“…The MOE is a useful and acceptable tool for health risk characterization for a given population exposed to genotoxic and carcinogenic substances such as BaP and PAH4 (sum of BaA, Chr, BaP and BbF) and is recommended by the Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives (JECFA) and the European Food Safety Agency (EFSA) [44,45,46]. It is the ratio between the benchmark dose lower confidence limit (BMDL10) determined in experimental animals.…”

Section: Margin Of Exposurementioning

confidence: 99%

Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons Contamination and Quality of Locally Produced Crude Palm Oil in South-South Zone, Nigeria

Onyegeme-Okerenta,

Isiodu,

Essien

2024

Eur. J. Nutr. Food. Saf.

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Background: Oil palm, Elaeis guineensis Jacq is a perennial crop mainly cultivated for its vegetable oil. The fatty acid composition of crude palm oil (CPO) is mostly composed of palmitic, stearic oleic, and linoleic acids. Objectives: This study evaluated the quality of locally produced CPO from six states of South-South zone, Nigeria. Methods: The parameters of CPOs were characterized by specific gravity (SG), acid value (AV), percentage of free fatty acid (%FFA), and saponification value (SV) and peroxide value (PV). Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in CPO were quantified using standard procedures, the related risk due to daily consumption of 25 g was characterized by lifetime cancer risk (LCR) and margin of exposure (MOE). Results: The study observed that the mean values of the parameters were 0.931 SG; 5.01 mgKOH g-1 AV; 2.28% FFA; 177.27 mgKOH g-1 SV and 29.65 meqO2 kg-1 PV. Apart from %FFA, the others did not meet the requirements recommended by the Codex Alimentarius Commission of the joint WHO/FAO. Diagnostic ratios of PAHs suggested a mixture of petrogenic and pyrogenic origins. The MOEs showed low health concern while 16PAH-LCR values which ranged from 2.48E-04 - 4.48E-04 were unacceptable. The screening value 0.003 was significantly (p> 0.05) lower than the computed total BaP equivalent (BaPeq) values indicating potential human health concerns. It is recommended that CPO processing and storage methods should be properly monitored to prevent quality reduction and contamination, which might have adverse effect on consumers.

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“…Teir structural stability, semivolatility, and hydrophobicity make them ubiquitous in the environment [4][5][6][7]. PAHs have been implicated in diverse toxicities including mutagenicity, teratogenicity, neurotoxicity, genotoxicity, and carcinogenicity in humans [8][9][10][11][12]. Given these public health concerns, 16 PAHs have been recommended for the priority control list by the United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) due to their carcinogenicity, neurotoxicity, and genotoxicity [9].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Soil and Vegetation of Niger Delta, Nigeria: Ecological Risk Assessment

Okoye

Ezejiofor

Nwaogazie

et al. 2023

Journal of Toxicology

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The Niger Delta, Nigeria, is noted for crude oil exploration. Whereas there seems to be a handful of data on soil polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) levels in this area, there is a paucity of studies that have evaluated soil and vegetation PAHs simultaneously. The present study has addressed this information gap. Fresh Panicum maximum (Jacq) (guinea grass), Pennisetum purpureum Schumach (elephant grass), Zea mays (L.) (maize), and soil samples were collected in triplicate from Choba, Khana, Trans-Amadi, Eleme, Uyo, and Yenagoa. PAHs determination was carried out using GC-MS. The percentage composition of the molecular weight distribution of PAHs, the molecular ratio of selected PAHs for identification of possible sources, and the isomeric ratio and total index of soil were evaluated. Pennisetum purpureum Schumach (elephant grass) from Uyo has the highest (10.0 mg·kg−1) PAH while Panicum maximum (Jacq) (guinea grass) has the highest PAH (32.5 mg·kg−1 from Khana. Zea mays (L.) (maize) from Uyo (46.04%), Pennisetum purpureum Schumach (elephant grass) from Trans-Amadi (47.7%), guinea grass from Eleme (49.2%), and elephant grass from Choba (39.9%) contained the highest percentage of high molecular weight (HMW) PAHs. Soil samples from Yenagoa (53.5%) and Khana (55.3%) showed the highest percentage of HMW PAHs. The total index ranged 0.27–12.4 in Uyo, 0.29–8.69 in Choba, 0.02–10.1 in Khana, 0.01–5.53 in Yenagoa, 0.21–9.52 in Eleme, and 0.13–8.96 in Trans-Amadi. The presence of HMW PAHs and molecular diagnostic ratios suggest PAH pollution from pyrogenic and petrogenic sources. Some soils in the Niger Delta show RQ(NCs) values higher than 800 and require remediation to forestall ecohealth consequences.

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Concentrations of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in samples of soil, feed and food collected in the Niger Delta region, Nigeria: A probabilistic human health risk assessment

Cited by 16 publications

References 39 publications

Blood Plasma Concentration of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Under Five Children in Niger Delta, Nigeria

Blood Plasma Concentration of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Under Five Children in Niger Delta, Nigeria

Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons Contamination and Quality of Locally Produced Crude Palm Oil in South-South Zone, Nigeria

Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Soil and Vegetation of Niger Delta, Nigeria: Ecological Risk Assessment

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