Concentrations of organophosphate flame retardants and plasticizers in urine from young children in Queensland, Australia and associations with environmental and behavioural factors

He, Chang; English, Karin; Baduel, Christine; Thai, Phong K.; Jagals, Paul; Ware, Robert S.; Li, Yan; Wang, Xianyu; Sly, Peter D.; Mueller, Jochen F.

doi:10.1016/j.envres.2018.02.040

Cited by 74 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…In the present study, we examined cross-sectional associations between several adiposity measures and urinary biomarker concentrations of five OPE metabolites among children and adults from a representative sample of the U.S. general population. Similar to prior studies ( Butt et al 2016 , 2014 ; Carignan et al 2013 ; Cequier et al 2015 ; He et al 2018a ; Saillenfait et al 2018 ; Van Den Eede et al 2015 ), several OPE metabolites were frequently detected in urine samples and GM concentrations were generally higher among children compared to adults and among females compared to males. Among children, we observed a significant inverse association between DBUP biomarker concentrations and the prevalence odds of being obese vs. normal weight.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 85%

Associations between urinary organophosphate ester metabolites and measures of adiposity among U.S. children and adults: NHANES 2013–2014

Boyle

Buckley

Quirós-Alcalá

2019

Environment International

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Background: Organophosphate esters (OPEs) are synthetic chemicals found in many consumer products, including furniture, electronics, processed foods, and building materials. Emerging in vitro and in vivo studies suggest that OPEs are metabolism disrupting compounds; however, epidemiologic studies investigating their associations with adiposity markers are sparse. Objective: We examined cross-sectional associations between OPE biomarkers and adiposity measures among U.S. children and adults participating in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES: 2013–2014). Methods: Concentrations of five OPE metabolites were quantified in urine: diphenyl phosphate (DPHP), bis(1,3-dichloro-2-propyl) phosphate (BDCPP), bis(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (BCEP), dibutyl phosphate (DBUP), and bis (1-chloro-2-propyl) phosphate (BCPP). We conducted covariate-adjusted logistic and linear regressions to examine associations between log 2 -transformed and dichotomized OPE metabolite concentrations and obesity, body mass index (BMI), and waist circumference (WC), separately among 784 children (6–19 years) and 1672 adults (≥20 years). We also assessed heterogeneity of associations by sex. Results: DBUP concentrations were inversely associated with the prevalence odds of being obese vs. normal weight in children (adjusted Prevalence Odds Ratio, aPOR: 0.82, 95% Confidence Interval, 95% CI: 0.70, 0.95) and adults (aPOR: 0.83, 95% CI: 0.72, 0.96). DBUP was also significantly associated with lower BMI z-scores (β:−0.08, 95% CI:−0.17, 0.01) and WC (β:−0.71, 95% CI: −1.49, 0.07) in children. BCEP concentrations were associated with increased prevalence odds of being overweight vs. normal weight (aPOR: 1.15, 95% CI: 1.01, 1.32) among children; similar, albeit not statistically significant, relationships were observed with other child adiposity outcomes. Among adults, detectable BCPP concentrations were associated with increased prevalence odds of being obese vs. normal weight (aPOR: 1.70, 95% CI: 1.21, 2.38) and having a high vs. normal WC (aPOR:1.51, 95% CI: 1.11, 2.07) as well as higher BMI (β: 1.31, 95% CI: 0.30, 2.33). Other OPE metabolites were not consistently associated with adiposity measures among adults. Although associations of BCPP exposure with adiposity outcomes were generally inverse among boys, but not girls, we did not observe consistent evidence of sexually-dimorphic associations for other OPE metabolites. Conclusions: Exposure to select OPEs may be differentially associated with body size among children and adults. Given the cross-sectional design of the present study, future prospective studies are needed to confirm these findings.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 85%

Associations between urinary organophosphate ester metabolites and measures of adiposity among U.S. children and adults: NHANES 2013–2014

Boyle

Buckley

Quirós-Alcalá

2019

Environment International

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“…He et al (2018) observed OPFR concentrations in urine samples from young children similar to those in the present study. He et al (2018) observed OPFR concentrations in urine samples from young children similar to those in the present study.…”

Section: Opfr and Dap Concentrationssupporting

confidence: 90%

Different organophosphate flame retardant and metabolite concentrations in urine from male and female university students in Beijing and an assessment of exposure via indoor dust

Dong

Wang

et al. 2019

Enviro Toxic and Chemistry

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Organophosphate flame retardants (OPFRs) have been found in human samples and associated with adverse health effects. In the present study, OPFR and dialkyl and diaryl phosphate (DAP) concentrations in human urine were determined and differences in the concentrations in urine from males and females were investigated. Urine samples from 22 male and 26 female university students, paired dust samples from the dormitories (13 each for males and females), and 10 dust samples from university teaching buildings were analyzed. The tri‐o‐cresyl phosphate (TOCP), tri‐p‐cresyl phosphate (TPCP), and tris(2‐chloroisopropyl)phosphate (TCIPP) concentrations were significantly higher (p = 0.049, 0.023, and 0.027, respectively) in urine from the female students than in urine from the male students. Similar differences were found between males and females in terms of OPFR exposure and OPFR concentrations in urine for three‐fourths of the OPFRs. Questionnaire answers and calculations indicated that disparities in OPFR concentrations in urine were mainly caused by females spending much more time than males in dormitories. Organophosphate flame retardants may pose degrees of health risk similar to those of polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), and this must be considered when making decisions about controlling flame retardants. We are not aware of any previous studies that simultaneously monitor OPFRs and DAPs in human urine in China. Environ Toxicol Chem 2019;38:760–768. © 2019 SETAC

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“…This may be explained by differences in FR regulations, dietary habits, lifestyle, and use of PEFRs in household products and indoor environments (e.g., building material), between the various countries and/or study locations (Carignan et al, 2013;Butt et al, 2016;Lu et al, 2017;Chen et al, 2018;He et al, 2018b). Other factors were reported to have an impact on urinary PEFR metabolite concentrations, including timing (e.g., season of collection) (Hoffman et al, 2017a and b;Deziel et al, 2018;Ingle et al, 2018;Phillips et al, 2018), sex (e.g., women tend to have higher levels of DPHP than men, Hoffman et al, 2015b;Preston et al, 2017;He et al, 2018a;Ospina et al, 2018), behavior and activity patterns (e.g., hand washing and cleaning routines, nail painting) (Abdallah et al, 2016;Mendelsohn et al, 2016;He et al, 2018b) and age (Van den Lu et al, 2017;He et al, 2018a;Ospina et al, 2018;Sun et al, 2018). Urinary concentrations of the main PEFR metabolites were generally higher in toddlers than in adults (Butt et al, 2014 andCequier et al, 2015;Hoffman et al, 2015a;Van den Eede et al, 2015b;Chen et al, 2018;He et al, 2018a and b;Ospina et al, 2018).…”

Section: Possible Bias Limitations and Strengths Of The Reviewed Stumentioning

confidence: 99%

“…BBOEP) was recently observed in volunteers following an oral administration of TBOEP (Völkel et al, 2018). Several studies collected multiple samples over one day or the course of the study to limit within-subject variability (Meeker et al, 2013b;Hoffman et al, 2015b;Cequier et al, 2015;Su et al, 2015;Carignan et al, 2016;Hammel et al, 2016;Preston et al, 2017;He et al, 2018b;Phillips et al, 2018).…”

Section: Possible Bias Limitations and Strengths Of The Reviewed Stumentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent biomonitoring reports on phosphate ester flame retardants: a short review

et al. 2018

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Organophosphate triesters (PEFRs) are used increasingly as flame retardants and plasticizers in a variety of applications, such as building materials, textiles, and electric and electronic equipment. They have been proposed as alternatives to brominated flame retardants. This updated review shows that biomonitoring has gained incrementally greater importance in evaluating human exposure to PEFRs, and it holds the advantage of taking into account the multiple potential sources and various intake pathways of PEFRs. Simultaneous and extensive internal exposure to a broad range of PEFRs have been reported worldwide. Their metabolites, mainly dialkyl or diaryl diesters, have been used as biomarkers of exposure and have been ubiquitously detected in the urine of adults and children in the general population. Concentrations and profiles of PEFR urinary metabolites are seen to be variable and are highly dependent on individual and environmental factors, including age, country regulation of flame retardants, and types and quantities of emissions in microenvironments, as well as analytical procedures. Additional large biomonitoring studies, using a broad range of urinary diesters and hydroxylated metabolites, would be useful to improve the validity of the biomarkers and to refine assessments of human exposure to PEFRs.

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Concentrations of organophosphate flame retardants and plasticizers in urine from young children in Queensland, Australia and associations with environmental and behavioural factors

Cited by 74 publications

References 42 publications

Associations between urinary organophosphate ester metabolites and measures of adiposity among U.S. children and adults: NHANES 2013–2014

Associations between urinary organophosphate ester metabolites and measures of adiposity among U.S. children and adults: NHANES 2013–2014

Different organophosphate flame retardant and metabolite concentrations in urine from male and female university students in Beijing and an assessment of exposure via indoor dust

Recent biomonitoring reports on phosphate ester flame retardants: a short review

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