Concentrations of leptin in the serum of pregnant, lactating, and cycling rats and of leptin messenger ribonucleic acid in rat placental tissue

Amico, Janet A.; Thomas, Abraham; Crowley, Rebecca S.; Burmeister, Lynn A.

doi:10.1016/s0024-3205(98)00405-6

Cited by 110 publications

(92 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…Rats reared in small litters and the offspring of diabetic women have been observed to be hyperleptinemic while those raised in large litters or exposed to maternal undernutrition have hypoleptinemia (Davidowa & Plagemann 2000). Since rat fetuses do not possess much s.c. fat at birth (Kawai et al 1997, Amico et al 1998, increased adipogenesis is not likely to be the mechanism of hyperleptinemia. However, it has been shown that maternal leptin can be transported across the placenta and is a significant source of fetal leptin (Smith & Waddell 2003).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hypothalamic alterations in fetuses of high fat diet-fed obese female rats

Gupta¹,

Srinivasan²,

Thamadilok³

et al. 2008

Journal of Endocrinology

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The offspring of high fat (HF) diet-fed rats display increased body weight during adulthood. However, it is not known whether the changes in appetite regulation in these animals occur in utero or postnatally. We investigated the effects of maternal obesity induced by a HF diet prior to and during pregnancy on leptin and insulin signaling and the expression of orexigenic and anorexigenic peptides in term fetal hypothalami. The consumption of a HF diet prior to and during pregnancy resulted in obesity in HF female rats; additionally, HF female rats exhibited hyperinsulinemia and hyperleptinemia which were exaggerated in late gestation compared with control female rats that were fed a standard rodent laboratory chow (LC). Term fetuses of HF female rats (FHF) also had significantly higher serum leptin and insulin levels compared with control fetuses (FLC) while there was no difference in average fetal weight between the two groups.FHF hypothalami showed elevated levels of mRNA and proteins for leptin long receptor and insulin receptor bsubunit. However, the protein levels of signal transducers and activators of transcription-3 and insulin receptor substrate-2, the downstream signaling components of leptin and insulin signaling respectively were decreased. Also, FHF hypothalami had increased mRNA levels of neuropeptide Y and agoutirelated polypeptide indicating that orexigenic neuropeptides in HF progeny are already upregulated by term fetal stage. Additionally, the mRNA levels of pro-opiatemelanocortin and melanocortin receptor-4 were also increased in the HF fetal hypothalami. These findings indicate potential programming effects of an altered intrauterine environment induced by HF diet consumption on appetite-regulating neuropeptides and leptin and insulin signaling in the late fetal period.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hypothalamic alterations in fetuses of high fat diet-fed obese female rats

Gupta¹,

Srinivasan²,

Thamadilok³

et al. 2008

Journal of Endocrinology

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“…Kronfeld-Schor et al (2000) directly demonstrated that leptin secretion rates from mouse adipose tissue in vitro are decreased during early pregnancy and up-regulated during late pregnancy and lactation and these changes in leptin secretion rates in vitro paralleled those of circulating leptin in vivo during pregnancy. On the other hand, the increase in circulating leptin levels during mid to late pregnancy does not consistently correlate with adiposity in rats (Kawai et al, 1997;Amico et al, 1998), mice Tomimatsu et al, 1997), and humans (Butte et al, 1997). A clear increase in adipose leptin mRNA, however, has been observed during pregnancy in mice (Tomimatsu et al, 1997), suggesting that adipose tissue may be a major source of elevated serum leptin during pregnancy.…”

Section: Expression Of Leptin Rna In the Adipose Tissue Of Non Pregnamentioning

confidence: 94%

“…Most reports indicate that there were substantial increase occurs in the rat from midgestation, and this is followed by a clear pre-partum decline (Kawai et al, 1997;Amico et al, 1998;Seeber et al, 2002). Additionally, the maternal plasma leptin concentrations remain relatively stable during the first half of rodent pregnancy but then increase dramatically from midgestation in the mouse Tomimatsu et al, 1997) and humans (Butte et al, 1997).…”

Section: Serum Leptin Levels Throughout Pregnancy and After Parturitimentioning

confidence: 99%

Leptin Gene Expression in Rabbits During Pregnancy and Fetal Life

Kirat¹,

Hamid²,

Mohamed³

et al. 2015

IJB

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Leptin may act as the critical link between adipose tissue and reproduction. Although considerable progress has been achieved in understanding the reproductive actions of leptin, much work is needed for understanding its physiological role. Till now, no data has been published about the distribution and expression levels of leptin in the rabbit maternal adipose tissue, placenta, and various fetal rabbit tissues during pregnancy and postpartum. Our results indicated that circulating leptin levels in rabbit serum during pregnancy were significantly higher than in postpartum and non pregnant rabbits. Furthermore, leptin showed positive correlations with body weight and estrogen and negative correlation with progesterone in pregnant and postpartum rabbits. RT-PCR verified the presence of RNAs encoding leptin in the rabbit maternal perirenal adipose tissue, placenta, and several fetal tissues; including brain, liver, adipose tissue, and bone. The relative abundance of leptin RNA in rabbit maternal adipose was significantly higher at 20 th day of pregnancy than that of non pregnant rabbits, while it was significantly decreased at 2 nd day after parturition. No significant changes in the placental leptin RNA levels were noticed in pregnant rabbits at 10 th , 20 th , and 30 th day of pregnancy. The relative abundance of fetal leptin transcripts at day 30 th of pregnancy was in the order of liver> bone ≥ adipose tissue > brain. The present study provides new evidence for the distribution and expression levels of leptin in the rabbit maternal and fetal tissues during pregnancy and supports the importance of leptin in reproductive physiology and fetal development.

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“…In rodents, the capacity of fetal adipocytes to synthesise leptin is relatively limited until late in gestation and, while the placenta synthesises little if any leptin (Kawai et al 1997, Amico et al 1998, there is significant transplacental transfer of maternal leptin to the fetus. This transfer increases during late pregnancy in parallel with an upregulation of expression of the shorter isoforms of the leptin receptor in the placenta (Smith & Waddell 2002, 2003.…”

Section: Leptin Synthesis and Secretion Before Birthmentioning

confidence: 99%

Regulation of leptin synthesis and secretion before birth: implications for the early programming of adult obesity

McMillen¹,

Edwards²,

Duffield³

et al. 2006

Reproduction

104

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A series of epidemiological, clinical and experimental studies have shown that there are associations between the fetal and neonatal nutritional environment and the amount and distribution of adipose tissue in adult life. This review considers the evidence for these relationships and discusses the potential impact of the prenatal nutritional experience on the development of the endocrine and neuroendocrine systems that regulate energy balance, with a particular emphasis on the role of the adipocyte-derived hormone, leptin. In the rodent, leptin derived from the mother may exert an important influence on the development of the appetite regulatory neural network and on the subsequent regulation of leptin synthesis and the risk for obesity in the offspring. In species such as the human and sheep, there is also recent evidence that the synthesis and secretion of adipocyte-derived hormones, such as leptin, are regulated in fetal life. Furthermore, the hypothalamic neuropeptides that regulate energy intake and expenditure in adult life are also present within the fetal brain and may be regulated by the prevailing level of maternal and hence fetal nutrient and hormonal signals, including leptin. This work is important in determining those initiating mechanisms within the 'fat -brain' axis in early life that precede the development of adult obesity.

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Concentrations of leptin in the serum of pregnant, lactating, and cycling rats and of leptin messenger ribonucleic acid in rat placental tissue

Cited by 110 publications

References 13 publications

Hypothalamic alterations in fetuses of high fat diet-fed obese female rats

Hypothalamic alterations in fetuses of high fat diet-fed obese female rats

Leptin Gene Expression in Rabbits During Pregnancy and Fetal Life

Regulation of leptin synthesis and secretion before birth: implications for the early programming of adult obesity

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