Concentrations of Cholesterol in Serum of Infants in Relation to Diet

Fomon, Samuel J.

doi:10.1001/archpedi.1960.02070030029005

Cited by 13 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 10 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…At the end of the Articles intervention, at 6 mo of age, and 6 mo thereafter, there was no significant difference between the EF and BFR groups in total s-Ch, but the SF group had lower total s-Ch than the BFR group at all time points until 6 mo of age. It is well known from early studies that s-Ch in infancy is higher in breast-fed than that in formula-fed infants due to the higher cholesterol content in human milk (19). The difference in s-Ch disappears in childhood (11), and in adolescence and thereafter, the previously breast-fed infants have lower s-Ch than their formulafed counterparts (10).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In cross-sectional ANOVA with the EF, SF, and BFR groups, there was no difference among the three groups at baseline (P = 0.69), 4 mo (P = 0.63), 6 mo (P = 0.052), or 12 mo (P = 0.20) of age. There were no significant differences in proportion (n (%)) of infants excluded from the hsCRP analysis due to levels of ≥5 mg/l among the EF, SF, and BFR groups at baseline (0 (0), 1 (1), and 0 (0); P = 0.35), at 4 mo (5 (8), 3 (4), and 3 (5); P = 0.72), or 6 mo (7 (11), 4 (6), and 11 (19); P = 0.15). At 12 mo of age, the proportion (n (%)) of infants with hsCRP ≥ 5 was higher in the EF group (7 (12%)) compared with the SF group (0 (0%); P = 0.013) but not compared with the BFR group (1 (2%); P = 0.062).…”

Section: Homocysteine High-sensitive Crp and Calprotectinmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Cardiovascular risk markers until 12 mo of age in infants fed a formula supplemented with bovine milk fat globule membranes

et al. 2014

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Background: Some of the health advantages of breast-fed as compared to formula-fed infants have been suggested to be due to metabolic programming effects resulting from early nutrition. Methods: In a prospective double-blinded randomized trial, 160 infants <2 mo of age were randomized to experimental formula (EF) with added milk fat globule membrane (MFGM) or standard formula (SF) until 6 mo of age. A breast-fed reference (BFR) group consisted of 80 infants. Measurements were made at inclusion and at 4, 6, and 12 mo of age. results: During the intervention, the EF group had higher total serum cholesterol concentration than the SF group, reaching the level of the BFR group. The EF group had a low-density lipoprotein to high-density lipoprotein ratio not significantly different from the SF group but lower than the BFR group. conclusion: Supplementation of infant formula with MFGM modified the fat composition of the formula and narrowed the gap between breast-fed and formula-fed infants with regard to serum lipid status at 12 mo.

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Homocysteine High-sensitive Crp and Calprotectinmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cardiovascular risk markers until 12 mo of age in infants fed a formula supplemented with bovine milk fat globule membranes

et al. 2014

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…There is no agreement on the relation between dietary lipids and cholesterol homeostasis in infancy (2,6,8,10,24). When discussing discrepancies in the results obtained in different studies, one should consider .two major factors, namely the age of the infants studied and the composition of their diet.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Serum Cholesterol Concentrations in Early Infancy

Ginsburg

Zetterström

1980

Acta Paediatrica

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Sixteen healthy term infants were followed from birth to the age of 3-6 months. Total cholesterol, VLDL-LDL-cholesterol and HDL-cholesterol were determined in cord serum, in serum obtained 3-10 days after birth (mean age 4.6 days) and at the age of 3-6 months (mean 4.1 months). Mean total cholesterol increased by 1.5 mmol/l during the first 3-10 days and by an additional 1.1 mmol/l during the following 3-6 months. Mean VLDL-LdL-cholesterol increased by 1.0 mmol/l and 0.9 mmol/l, respectively, and mean HDL-cholesterol by 0.4 mmol/l and 0.3 mmol/l, respectively, during the same periods. The HDL-cholesterol: VLDL-LDL-cholesterol ratio thus fell from 1.5 at birth to 0.8 at the age of 3-10 days and to 0.6 at 3-6 months. In eight breast-fed infants, the mean total cholesterol level increased by 2.9 mmol/l from birth to the age of 3-6 months. This increase was significantly higher than the increase found in eight infants who received a cow's milk formula--i.e. 2.3 mmol/l. Free and esterified cholesterol were determined in 10 infants. Free cholesterol accounted for about one-third of the total cholesterol from birth to the age of 3-6 months.

show abstract

“…Though breast milk contains about three times as much linoleate as cow's milk formula, Woodruff et al (26) found similar plasma cholesterol levels in 3-month-old infants fed breast milk or the cow's milk formula. The results obtained in other studies (4,7,14,18) of the effect of breast milk or cow's milk formulas on the plasma lipid composition during early infancy are difficult to evaluate because no information is given about the infants' ages at the time of blood sampling. There were also differences in e.g.…”

Section: Concentration Of Main Lipid Classes In Plasmamentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Diet on Fatty Acid Composition of Plasma and Red Cell Phosphoglycerides in Three‐month‐old Infants

Olegård

Svennerholm

1971

Acta Paediatrica

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Summary Concentrations of the main lipid classes in plasma and the blood phosphoglyceride fatty acid patterns were measured in 3‐month‐old infants, fed breast‐milk or an industrial manufactured formula. The levels of cholesterol and phosphoglycerides were in the normal range for young adults, but the triglyceride concentration was twice as high as in adults. There were no significant differences in the levels of the plasma lipids between the two groups, but the mean of the triglycerides was 25 % higher in the formula‐fed group. The plasma and red cell phosphoglycerides had already assumed a fatty acid pattern of adult type. The concentration of the total polyenoic acids was significantly lower in the breast‐fed group, the difference being entirely confined to the fatty acids of the linoleic acid series. Linoleic acid was 27% and 40%, respectively, lower in plasma phosphoglycerides and red cell lecithin of breast‐fed than of formula‐fed infants, but arachidonic acid did not show any significant difference in the two groups. The concentration of the fatty acids of the linolenic acid series was higher in the breast‐fed infants. The blood lecithin ratio between the fatty acids of the linolenic acid series and the linoleic acid series was thus much lower in the formula‐fed than in the breast‐fed infants, the ratio being closely correlated with the dietary linolenate/linoleate ratio. Although the concentration of essential fatty acids was low in both plasma and red cell phosphoglycerides of breast‐fed infants, there was no increase of 20: 3 (n – 9).

show abstract

Concentrations of Cholesterol in Serum of Infants in Relation to Diet

Cited by 13 publications

References 10 publications

Cardiovascular risk markers until 12 mo of age in infants fed a formula supplemented with bovine milk fat globule membranes

Cardiovascular risk markers until 12 mo of age in infants fed a formula supplemented with bovine milk fat globule membranes

Serum Cholesterol Concentrations in Early Infancy

Effects of Diet on Fatty Acid Composition of Plasma and Red Cell Phosphoglycerides in Three‐month‐old Infants

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About