Concentrations, distribution, sources and risk assessment of organohalogenated contaminants in soils from Kenya, Eastern Africa

Sun, Hongwei; Qi, Yueling; Zhang, Di; Li, Qing X.; Wang, Jun

doi:10.1016/j.envpol.2015.11.040

Cited by 104 publications

(37 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…The sample extraction procedure was similar to the previous reports by [ 29 , 30 ]. The sodium sulfate and silica gel were baked for 4 hrs at 450 and 180 ⁰C, respectively.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 96%

Organochlorine pesticides, polybrominated diphenyl ethers and polychlorinated biphenyls in surficial sediments of the Awash River Basin, Ethiopia

Dirbaba

et al. 2018

PLoS ONE

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This study was initiated to document information on the levels of sediment contamination with organochlorine pesticides (OCPs), polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs). Moreover, it was intended to identify compounds which impose major ecological risks to aquatic organisms. Surficial sediments were collected from 46 locations within the streams and rivers of the Awash River Basin. In total 30 compounds were included in this study: 16 OCPs, 7 PCBs and 7 PBDEs. The total concentrations of OCPs, PCBs, and PBDEs ranged from 6.63 to 206.13 ng g-1- dry weight (dw), 0.85 to 26.56 ng g-1-dw and 3.71 to 18.95 ng g-1-dw respectively. Out of all the tested OCPs, heptachlor, heptachlor epoxide, p,p′-dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (p,p′-DDT) and β-hexachlorocyclohexane (β-HCH) were the most abundant in the study area. The ratio of (β-HCH/∑HCHs) indicated that HCHs were originally from earlier usage of HCH in the area whereas the ratio of (p,p’-DDT/p,p’-DDE) showed that the majority of DDT components were recently introduced into most of the sampling locations. Even though there were relatively low concentrations of PBDEs and PCBs across the sampling sites, substantial amounts of PCBs were observed in Addis Ababa City. According to the established ecological risk indices, p,p’-DDT and γ-HCH are the major concerns for potential adverse ecological impacts. This study provided the first comprehensive information on organohalogenated compounds’ (OCs’) occurrences, spatial distributions, and ecological risks in sediments of the Awash River Basin. Thus, the report will be very useful background information for further studies on sediment contamination with OCs’ in the region. It also adds important first-hand data to the field of fresh water ecology and provides useful empirical evidence for setting pollution control priorities for an ecologically important, yet largely understudied region.

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“…The sample extraction procedure was similar to the previous reports by [ 29 , 30 ]. The sodium sulfate and silica gel were baked for 4 hrs at 450 and 180 ⁰C, respectively.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 96%

Organochlorine pesticides, polybrominated diphenyl ethers and polychlorinated biphenyls in surficial sediments of the Awash River Basin, Ethiopia

Dirbaba

et al. 2018

PLoS ONE

Self Cite

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“…Potential health risks for children, particularly nursing infants, for a variety of flame retardants were observed. PCBs in dirty oils and obsolete equipment as well as new sources of DDT for malaria control in some countries in Africa were noted as potential sources of exposure (Asante et al, 2011;Sun et al, 2016).…”

Section: Vulnerable Populationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Environmental Health Research in Africa: Important Progress and Promising Opportunities

Joubert

Mantooth²,

McAllister

2020

Front. Genet.

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The World Health Organization in 2016 estimated that over 20% of the global disease burden and deaths were attributed to modifiable environmental factors. However, data clearly characterizing the impact of environmental exposures and health endpoints in African populations is limited. To describe recent progress and identify important research gaps, we reviewed literature on environmental health research in African populations over the last decade, as well as research incorporating both genomic and environmental factors. We queried PubMed for peer-reviewed research articles, reviews, or books examining environmental exposures and health outcomes in human populations in Africa. Searches utilized medical subheading (MeSH) terms for environmental exposure categories listed in the March 2018 US National Report on Human Exposure to Environmental Chemicals, which includes chemicals with worldwide distributions. Our search strategy retrieved 540 relevant publications, with studies evaluating health impacts of ambient air pollution (n=105), indoor air pollution (n = 166), heavy metals (n = 130), pesticides (n = 95), dietary mold (n = 61), indoor mold (n = 9), per-and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs, n = 0), electronic waste (n = 9), environmental phenols (n = 4), flame retardants (n = 8), and phthalates (n = 3), where publications could belong to more than one exposure category. Only 23 publications characterized both environmental and genomic risk factors. Cardiovascular and respiratory health endpoints impacted by air pollution were comparable to observations in other countries. Air pollution exposures unique to Africa and some other resource limited settings were dust and specific occupational exposures. Literature describing harmful health effects of metals, pesticides, and dietary mold represented a context unique to Africa. Studies of exposures to phthalates, PFASs, phenols, and flame retardants were very limited. These results underscore the need for further focus on current and emerging environmental and chemical health risks as well as better integration of genomic and environmental factors in African research studies. Environmental exposures with distinct routes of exposure, unique co-exposures and co-morbidities, combined with the extensive genomic diversity in Africa may lead to the identification of novel mechanisms underlying complex disease and promising potential for translation to global public health.

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“…Regarding the non-carcinogenic risk indices, if the hazard quotient (HQ) or total non-carcinogenic risk hazard quotient (TnHQ) values are lower than unity, the public health risk is considered to be low, while for the values between one and three the risk has not been considered high enough for remediation actions to be applied. Values higher than three are considered to pose a significantly higher health risk (18).The non-carcinogenic risk was determined according to the methodology presented in the study by Sun et al (2016) (19). The average level of TnHQ for PCBs was 0.009 for all investigated samples and was higher than the average level of TnHQ for Novi Sad dust samples in summer (TnHQ = 0.0004) (6).…”

Section: Human Health Risk Assessmentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Levels and risk assessment of selected persistent organic compounds in dust samples from Tianjin, China

Škrbić

Antić

2019

ACTA PERIOD TECHN

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The aim of this paper was to determine spatial variation of 6 indicator polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and 18 organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) in street dust samples (n=49) collected during summer season from suburban/urban zones of Tianjin, China. Sample preparation was performed by using accelerated solvent extraction with simultaneous extraction and clean-up of PCBs and OCPs, while quantification was carried out using gas chromatography coupled with microelectro absorption detector and gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry. The total concentrations of studied PCBs varied from

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Concentrations, distribution, sources and risk assessment of organohalogenated contaminants in soils from Kenya, Eastern Africa

Cited by 104 publications

References 39 publications

Organochlorine pesticides, polybrominated diphenyl ethers and polychlorinated biphenyls in surficial sediments of the Awash River Basin, Ethiopia

Organochlorine pesticides, polybrominated diphenyl ethers and polychlorinated biphenyls in surficial sediments of the Awash River Basin, Ethiopia

Environmental Health Research in Africa: Important Progress and Promising Opportunities

Levels and risk assessment of selected persistent organic compounds in dust samples from Tianjin, China

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