Concentrations and temporal trends in pesticide biomarkers in urine of Swedish adolescents, 2000–2017

Abstract

Agricultural pesticides are extensively used for weed-and pest control, resulting in residues of these compounds in food. The general population is mainly exposed through dietary intake. Exposure to certain pesticides has been associated with adverse human health outcomes. Our aim was to assess urinary concentrations and temporal trends in the biomarkers of commonly used pesticides. Samples were collected from adolescents (n = 1060) in Scania, Sweden, from 2000 to 2017. Concentrations of 14 pesticide biomarkers were analyzed in urine using LC-MS/MS. Temporal trends in biomarker concentrations (ln-transformed) were evaluated using linear regression. Biomarkers of pyrethroids (3-PBA and DCCA), chlorpyrifos (TCPy), chlormequat (CCC), thiabendazole (OH-TBZ), and mancozeb (ETU) were detected in >90% of the population all sampling years. The biomarkers CCC and TCPy had the highest median concentrations (>0.8 µg/L), whereas the biomarkers of cyfluthrin (4F-3-PBA) and two pyrethroids (CFCA) had the lowest median concentrations (<0.02 µg/L). Increasing temporal trends were found for the biomarkers 3-PBA (3.7%/year), TCPy (1.7%/year) and biomarkers of pyrimethanil (11.9%/year) and tebuconazole (12.2%/year). Decreasing trends were found for CCC (-5.5%/year), OH-TBZ (−5.5%/year), and ETU (−3.9%/year). Our results suggest that Swedish adolescents are commonly exposed to pesticides in low concentrations (median concentrations <3.88 µg/L).

Combined effects of maternal exposure to fungicides on behavioral development in F1‐generation mice: 3. Fixed‐dose study of imazalil

“…IMZ contributes one of the most to the European pesticide mixture exposure from national surveys in nine European countries (Crépet et al, 2019). The biomarker of TBZ was detected in >90% of the population of Swedish adolescents in 2000–2017 (Norén et al, 2020).…”

Respiratory and allergic outcomes among 5-year-old children exposed to pesticides

“…Urine samples were analysed for urinary pesticide metabolites using a liquid chromatography mass spectrometer (LC-MS/MS; UFLCRX; Shimadzu Corporation) with a triple quadrupole linear ion trap (QTRAP 5500; AB Sciex) and corrected for specific gravity as described previously 16 17 22. We analysed ETU (limit of detection (LOD)=0.08 µg/L) for mancozeb; hydroxypyrimethanil (OHP) (LOD=0.06 µg/L) for pyrimethanil; 5-hydroxythiabendazole (OHT) (LOD=0.03 µg/L) for thiabendazole; 3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridinol (TCP) (LOD=0.05 µg/L) for chlorpyrifos and 3-(2,2-dichlorovinyl)−2,2-dimethylcyclopropanecarboxylic acid (DCCA) (LOD=0.04 µg/L) for the pyrethroids permethrin, cypermethrin and cyfluthrin; and 3-phenoxybenzoic acid (3-PBA) (LOD=0.03 µg/L) for permethrin, cypermethrin, cyfluthrin, deltamethrin, allethrin, resmethrin and fenvalerate.…”

Environmental exposures contribute to respiratory and allergic symptoms among women living in the banana growing regions of Costa Rica

“…Urinary metabolite concentrations were corrected for dilution using specific gravity. Detection limits have been previously published 21 28 30. Metabolite concentrations below the limit of detection (LOD) were randomly imputed to vary between half the LOD and the LOD.…”

“…Urinary metabolites were measured using liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry (QTRAP 5500, AB Sciex, Framingham, Massachusetts, USA). Briefly, the samples were analysed for fungicides (ethylenethiourea (ETU, metabolite of mancozeb), hydroxypyrimethanil (OHP, metabolite of pyrimethanil), 5-hydroxythiabendazole (OHT, metabolite of thiabendazole)), organophosphate (OP) insecticides (3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridinol (TCP, metabolite of chlorpyrifos) used in banana plantations, the sum of cis/trans (3-(2,2-dichlorovinyl)-2,2-dimethylcyclopropaneca rboxylic acid (DCCA, metabolite of permethrin, cypermethrin and cyfluthrin)), 3-phenoxybenzoic acid (3PBA, metabolite of permethrin, cypermethrin, cyfluthrin, deltamethrin, allethrin, resmethrin and fenvalerate)) and the herbicide 2,4-D. 28 Urine samples collected from women when their children were 5 years old were also analysed for 1-HP and hydroxyphenanthrene (2-OH-PH), biomarkers of exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) which can originate from wood burning. 29 30 Urinary metabolite concentrations were corrected for dilution using specific gravity.…”