Concentrations and Sources of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in the Seawater around Langkawi Island, Malaysia

Nasher, Essam; Heng, Lee Yook; Zakaria, Zuriati; Surif, Salmijah

doi:10.1155/2013/975781

Cited by 51 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 44 publications

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“…Therefore, the prevailing PAH concentration at the jetties and fish farms frequently visited by tourists is probably the result of the fuel used in boats, passenger ferries, and buses, which are the important contributors of PAHs in this area. The leakage of petroleum and the unscrupulous disposal of engine oil from boats and ferries may also contribute significantly to the level of PAHs recorded here [29, 30]. …”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessing the Ecological Risk of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Sediments at Langkawi Island, Malaysia

Nasher

Heng

Zakaria³

et al. 2013

The Scientific World Journal

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Tourism-related activities such as the heavy use of boats for transportation are a significant source of petroleum hydrocarbons that may harm the ecosystem of Langkawi Island. The contamination and toxicity levels of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) in the sediments of Langkawi were evaluated using sediment quality guidelines (SQGs) and toxic equivalent factors. Ten samples were collected from jetties and fish farms around the island in December 2010. A gas chromatography/flame ionization detector (GC/FID) was used to analyse the 18 PAHs. The concentration of total PAHs was found to range from 869 ± 00 to 1637 ± 20 ng g−1 with a mean concentration of 1167.00 ± 24 ng g−1, lower than the SQG effects range-low (3442 ng g−1). The results indicated that PAHs may not cause acute biological damage. Diagnostic ratios and principal component analysis suggested that the PAHs were likely to originate from pyrogenic and petrogenic sources. The toxic equivalent concentrations of the PAHs ranged from 76.3 to 177 ng TEQ/g d.w., which is lower compared to similar studies. The results of mean effects range-median quotient of the PAHs were lower than 0.1, which indicate an 11% probability of toxicity effect. Hence, the sampling sites were determined to be the low-priority sites.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessing the Ecological Risk of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Sediments at Langkawi Island, Malaysia

Nasher

Heng

Zakaria³

et al. 2013

The Scientific World Journal

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“…The B[a]P concentrations used in these experiments were selected taking into account that the levels of PAHs in the sea water of contaminated environment range from 0.26 μg/L (Manodori et al, 2006), 18.34 μg/L (Sinaei and Mashinchian, 2014) to 46 μg/L (Nasher et al, 2013). After 3 d of exposure, the amount of chemical in the tissues of exposed animals was similar to that detected in the tissues of mussels sampled in field contaminated coastal waters (Banni et al, 2017;Widdows et al, 2002).…”

Section: Experimental Design and Samplingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Role of mTOR in autophagic and lysosomal reactions to environmental stressors in molluscs

et al. 2018

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Lysosomal membrane stability (LMS) has been used in various organisms as a very sensitive biomarker of stress. However, despite the abundance of data about regulation of the autophagic process in mammals, in the invertebrates there is only limited mechanistic understanding. Marine mussels (Mytilus galloprovincialis Lam.) are bivalve molluscs, widely used as models in ecotoxicology and as environmental bioindicators of sea water quality. In order to elucidate this fundamental process, in the present study, mussels were exposed for 3 days to a "priority", ubiquitous environmental contaminant, benzo[a]pyrene (B[a]P) at different concentrations (i.e. 5, 50, 100 μg/L seawater). B[a]P accumulated in lysosomes of digestive tubule epithelial cells (digestive cells) and in enlarged lipid-rich lysosomes (autolysosomes) as detected by immunofluorescence and UV-fluorescence. B[a]P also activated the autophagic process with a marked decrease of LMS and concurrent increase in lysosomal/cytoplasmic volume ratio. Dephosphorylation of mTOR contributes to increased lysosomal membrane permeability and induced autophagy. B[a]P induced a decrease in phosphorylated (active form) mTOR. The probable role of mTOR in cell signalling and the regulation of the cellular responses to the contaminants has been also confirmed in a field study, where there was significant inactivation of mTOR in stressed animals. Statistical and network modelling supported the empirical investigations of autophagy and mTOR; and was used to integrate the mechanistic biomarker data with chemical analysis and DNA damage.

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“…The maximum surface concentration encountered during the mission is about 200 ng L −1 for Naphs (Phes concentrations only reached about 30 ng L −1 ). This is more than a factor 10 below the maximum admissible concentration of individual PAHs (2, 400 ng L −1 ) set by the European Water Framework Directive (reported from Nasher et al, 2013).…”

Section: Offshore Application In the North Seamentioning

confidence: 75%

A Glider-Compatible Optical Sensor for the Detection of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in the Marine Environment

Cyr

Tedetti

Besson³

et al. 2019

Front. Mar. Sci.

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This study presents the MiniFluo-UV, an ocean glider-compatible fluorescence sensor that targets the detection of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in the marine environment. Two MiniFluos can be installed on a glider, each equipped with two optical channels (one PAH is measured per channel). This setup allows the measurement of up to 4 different fluorescent PAHs: Naphthalene, Phenanthrene, Fluorene and Pyrene. Laboratory tests on oil products (Maya crude oil and Diesel fuel) as well as on marine samples near industrial areas (urban harbor and offshore installations) revealed that the concentration of the four PAHs targeted accounted for 62-97% of the total PAH concentration found in samples ( 16 PAHs determined by standard international protocols). Laboratory tests also revealed that for marine applications, the calibration on Water Accommodated Fraction (WAF) of crude oil is more appropriate than the one on pure standards (STD). This is because PAH fluorescence is constituted in large part of alkylated compounds that are not considered with STD calibration. Results from three glider deployments with increasing levels of complexity (a laboratory trial, a field mission in non-autonomous mode and a fully autonomous mission) are also presented. During field deployments, the MiniFluo-glider package was able to detect concentration gradients from offshore marine waters toward the head of a Mediterranean harbor ( < 80 ng L −1 ) as well as hydrocarbon patches at the surface waters of an oil and gas exploitation field in the North Sea (< 200 ng L −1 , mainly Naphthalene). It is suggested that using only the WAF calibration, the concentration derived with the MiniFluo agrees within one order of magnitude with the concentration determined by Gas Chromatography coupled with Mass Spectrometry (overestimation by a factor 7 on average). These performances can be improved if the calibration is made with a WAF with PAH proportions similar to the one find in the environment. Finally, it is shown that the use of in situ calibration on water samples collected during the glider deployment, when possible, gives the best results.

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Concentrations and Sources of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in the Seawater around Langkawi Island, Malaysia

Cited by 51 publications

References 44 publications

Assessing the Ecological Risk of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Sediments at Langkawi Island, Malaysia

Assessing the Ecological Risk of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Sediments at Langkawi Island, Malaysia

Role of mTOR in autophagic and lysosomal reactions to environmental stressors in molluscs

A Glider-Compatible Optical Sensor for the Detection of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in the Marine Environment

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