Concentrations and fluxes of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and polychlorinated biphenyls across the air-water interface of Lake Superior

Baker, Joel E.; Eisenreich, Steven J.

doi:10.1021/es00073a009

Cited by 301 publications

(223 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…In addition, a significant contribution of the high molecular weight compounds (HMW), encompassing from benzo-[ghi]fluoranthene (B(ghi)Fla) to coronene (Cor) (log K ow > 5), was also found in the SPM. This qualitative distribution is similar to that observed in other remote lake waters in Europe and USA (Baker and Eisenreich, 1990;Gevao et al, 1998;Vilanova et al, 2001b).…”

Section: Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (Pah)supporting

confidence: 89%

Persistent organic pollutants in remote freshwater ecosystems

Fernández¹,

Carrera²,

Grimalt³

2005

Aquat. Sci.

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Persistent organic pollutants (POPs), including organochlorine compounds (OCs) and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) were measured in two European remote mountain lakes situated in the Pyrenees (Lake Redon) and the Tatra Mountains (Ladove). Both dissolved and particulate water phases were analyzed at different water column depths.OCs already banned in most European countries showed similar concentrations in the two lakes, e.g. 6.7-8.5 pg L -1 for HCB, 8.0-12 pg L -1 for DDTs, and 60-64 pg L -1 for PCBs (sum of seven individual congeners), being in general lower than those reported in other remote aquatic systems. On the contrary, compounds of present use or currently emitted to the atmosphere exhibited significant concentration differences between sites. Thus, the higher levels of HCHs (1000-2630 pg L -1 ) and endosulfans (780-1610 pg L -1 ) in Lake Redon than in Ladove are in agreement with an impact of Aquatic Sciences agricultural activities in the former. In contrast, the higher PAH concentrations in Ladove, 12 ± 1 ng L -1 (mean ± standard deviation), than in Lake Redon, 0.77-1.6 ng L -1 evidence higher deposition of combustion residues in the Tatras.POP concentration decreases with depth were observed for the compounds present in the dissolved phase such as endosulfan, HCB, and the low molecular weight PCBs and PAH. The vertical differences were higher in Lake Redon, probably due to its deeper basin. These gradients are consistent with the incorporation of these compounds into the lakes by air-water exchange through the gas-dissolved phase.In contrast, PCBs or PAH associated to the suspended particulate material (those of higher molecular weight) showed uniform concentrations throughout the water column, which may reflect high efficiency in the vertical transport of the compounds associated to this phase.

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Section: Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (Pah)supporting

confidence: 89%

Persistent organic pollutants in remote freshwater ecosystems

Fernández¹,

Carrera²,

Grimalt³

2005

Aquat. Sci.

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“…For that reason, the distribution of atmospheric PAHs between particulate and gas phases is influenced by several factors, such as PAH vapor pressures (function of the temperature), amount of fine particles (surface area for PAH adsorption), ambient temperature, PAH concentration, and affinity of each PAH with the particles of the organic matrix (Baker and Eisenreich, 1990). Reports regarding the seasonal effect on gas-particle equilibrium variations have been found for the winter months, showing a greater concentration of PAHs in the solid phase (Tsapakis and Stephanou, 2005).…”

Section: Characterization Of the Pah Profilementioning

confidence: 99%

Obtaining polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon concentration ratios and molecular markers for residential wood combustion: Temuco, a case study

Cereceda-Balic

Fadic

Llanos

et al. 2011

Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association

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It is known that residential wood combustion (RWC) is an important source of fine particle emissions. The purpose of this work was to characterize the chemical composition of the particulate matter present in the Temuco urban atmosphere during winter, specifically the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) profile, because PAHs are considered to be among the key compounds in particulate matter toxicity. During the 2008 winter monitoring campaign, samples of particulate matter with aerodynamic diameters of 10 (PM 10 ) and 2.5 (PM 2.5 ) mm were taken on days with contamination episodes. Sixteen U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) PAH compounds were extracted with toluene and determined by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The results show that phenantrene was the predominant compound associated with particulate matter, at a concentration range between 300 and 600 ng m À3 , 18 times higher than the second most abundant PAH compound. High-molecular-mass compounds such as dibenz [a,h]anthracene, benzo[g,h,i]perylene, and indeno[1,2,3,c,d]pyrene were also found, but they were minorities in the set. It was recognized from the PAH concentration ratios of the Temuco atmospheric aerosol that the main contamination source was in fact residential wood combustion; although not all the concentration ratios evaluated match the reported reference values, probably due to the kind of biomass used, the characteristics of Chilean heating appliances and climate.Implications: The study results suggest that if molecular markers (MMs) and concentration ratios (CRs) are dependent on the type of firewood and combustion processes specific to each location, among others factors, then the values of these indicators could be applicable with caution between different areas, although not necessarily they must be totally in accord. Moreover, having representative values of MM and CR of each place, it will achieve a better estimation of the source importance and concentrate the monitoring and the control strategies. Regulatory organizations in each country can have more reliable information and optimize financial and human resources, enabling it to reduce air pollution and improve the health of population.

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“…However, a slope of -1 in plots of Log K, versus Log PLOis rarely observed for real samples. Many researchers have observed that plots of log K, versus log PLo do not yield slopes of -I for PCBs and PAHs, but in fact vary from sample to sample with slopes of the order -0.5 to -1.1 (Baker and Eisenreich 1990, Cotham and Bidleman 1995, Gustafson and Dickhut 1997, McVeety and Hites 1988. Their conclusions were often that the POPs are not at equilibrium.…”

Section: Absorptionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Persistent Organic Pollutants

Qing¹

2001

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Concentrations and fluxes of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and polychlorinated biphenyls across the air-water interface of Lake Superior

Cited by 301 publications

References 29 publications

Persistent organic pollutants in remote freshwater ecosystems

Persistent organic pollutants in remote freshwater ecosystems

Obtaining polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon concentration ratios and molecular markers for residential wood combustion: Temuco, a case study

Persistent Organic Pollutants

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