Concentrations and distributions of dissolved amino acids in fluids from Mid-Atlantic Ridge hydrothermal vents

Klevenz, Verena; Sumoondur, A.; Ostertag-Henning, Christian; Koschinsky, Andrea

doi:10.2343/geochemj.1.0081

Cited by 29 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 37 publications

(37 reference statements)

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“…We infer that complete thermal decomposition of amino acids is minor at the modest temperatures (65°C) within the ridge-flank basement environment; thus, the presence of DFAA is not surprising. However, higher concentrations of DFAA in the mid-Atlantic high temperature vent fluid samples (Table 5) than those in the basement fluids are unexpected as heat degradation at 300°C should have destroyed the DFAA as suggested by Ito et al (2006); no explanation of this issue has been provided by Klevenz et al (2010) but AA contamination during sampling is plausible. The high concentrations of DFAA and DHAA in fluids from other non-ridge-flank hydrothermal vent systems and hydrothermal influenced sediment listed in Table 5 are attributed to large supplies of particulate organic matter-from biological production or from organic-rich sediments-coupled to intensified acid hydrolysis due to low pH (down to pH = 2) and thermal decomposition (up to 104°C), which often leads to DFAA/DHAA ratios as high as 0.33-0.37 (Horiuchi et al, 2004;Svensson et al, 2004;Lang et al, 2013).…”

Section: Propertiesmentioning

confidence: 87%

“…In order to infer mechanisms controlling AAs, concentrations of DFAA and DHAA in basement fluids are compared with those in fluids from various hydrothermal ecosystems and deep seawater reported in the literature (Table 5). Except for undetectable DFAA (<0.001 lM) in the Guaymas Basin vent fluid, concentrations of DFAA (0.001-0.014 lM) and DHAA (0.043-0.089 lM, Table 4) in the basement fluid samples were at the low end of those in any other non-ridge-flank submarine hydrothermal vent fluids (Table 5, DFAA 0.035-78 lM; DHAA 0.067-35 lM; Svensson et al, 2004;Klevenz et al, 2010;Lang et al, 2013) and were much lower than those in hydrothermally-influenced sediment porewater samples (DFAA 0.27-446 lM; DHAA 0.8-338 lM; Haberstroh and Karl, 1989;Hoaki et al, 1995). The low Table 1 Net reactions of amino acid synthesis.…”

Section: Concentrations Of Amino Acids In Basement Fluidsmentioning

confidence: 91%

“…Although many microorganisms isolated from hydrothermal environments have been shown to actively take up AAs (Jannasch et al, 1988;Pledger and Baross, 1991;Hoaki et al, 1993Hoaki et al, , 1994Dirmeier et al, 1998), the distribution and abundance of AAs within hydrothermal ecosystems have only been documented in a few studies (Haberstroh and Karl, 1989;Takano et al, 2003;Svensson et al, 2004;Klevenz et al, 2010;Lang et al, 2013). In addition, due to preferential removal and transformation of various AAs during microbial organic matter degradation, the compositions of protein-forming and non-protein forming AAs can be used to examine the diagenetic status of organic matter to infer the occurrence of heterotrophic activities in an environment (Hecky et al, 1973;Cowie and Hedges, 1992;Dauwe et al, 1999;Heeschen et al, 2003;Aluwihare and Meador, 2008).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 96%

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Dissolved amino acids in oceanic basaltic basement fluids

Lin

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LaRowe

et al. 2015

Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta

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The oceanic basaltic basement contains the largest aquifer on Earth and potentially plays an important role in the global carbon cycle as a net sink for dissolved organic carbon (DOC). However, few details of the organic matter cycling in the subsurface are known because great water depths and thick sediments typically hinder direct access to this environment. In an effort to examine the role of water-rock-microorganism interaction on organic matter cycling in the oceanic basaltic crust, basement fluid samples collected from three borehole observatories installed on the eastern flank of the Juan de Fuca Ridge were analyzed for dissolved amino acids. Our data show that dissolved free amino acids (1-13 nM) and dissolved hydrolyzable amino acids (43-89 nM) are present in the basement. The amino acid concentrations in the ridge-flank basement fluids are at the low end of all submarine hydrothermal fluids reported in the literature and are similar to those in deep seawater. Amino acids in recharging deep seawater, in situ amino acid production, and diffusional input from overlying sediments are potential sources of amino acids in the basement fluids. Thermodynamic modeling shows that amino acid synthesis in the basement can be sustained by energy supplied from inorganic substrates via chemolithotrophic metabolisms. Furthermore, an analysis of amino acid concentrations and compositions in basement fluids support the notion that heterotrophic activity is ongoing. Similarly, the enrichment of acidic amino acids and depletion of hydrophobic ones relative to sedimentary particulate organic matter suggests that surface sorption and desorption also alters amino acids in the basaltic basement. In summary, although the oceanic basement aquifer is a net sink for deep seawater DOC, similar amino acid concentrations in basement aquifer and deep seawater suggest that DOC is preferentially removed in the basement over dissolved amino acids. Our data also suggest that organic carbon cycling occurs in the oceanic basaltic basement, where an active subsurface biosphere is likely responsible for amino acid synthesis and degradation.

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Section: Propertiesmentioning

confidence: 87%

Section: Concentrations Of Amino Acids In Basement Fluidsmentioning

confidence: 91%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 96%

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Dissolved amino acids in oceanic basaltic basement fluids

Lin

Amend

LaRowe

et al. 2015

Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta

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“…It is notable that thermally unstable amino acids (Asp, Thr, Ser and Arg) were present in the reacted sediment. In this study, these labile amino acids also remained in the sediment after heating at 200°C for 240 h. Several studies have suggested that the thermal stability of amino acids increases by adsorption on mineral surfaces (Kawahata and Ishizuka, 1993;Ito et al, 2006;Klevenz et al, 2010). Based on the adsorption state and stability of Lys on montmorillonite under hydrothermal conditions (80°C), Cuadros et al (2009) concluded that Lys was stabilized by adsorption and formation of hydrogen bonds with negatively charged oxygen atoms on montmorillonite with increasing temperature.…”

Section: Dissolution Process and Stability Of Amino Acids Fixed In Sementioning

confidence: 75%

“…Biogenic amino acids must be released during the reaction of hydrothermal fluids with sediments, rocks, and chimneys that contain high amounts of amino acids derived from organisms and biodebris (Klevenz et al, 2010;Lang et al, 2013;Fuchida et al, 2014Fuchida et al, , 2015. Ito et al (2006Ito et al ( , 2009) heated calcareous ooze with NaCl solution at 100-300°C to clarify the release process of biogenic amino acids into the solution.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%