Concentrations and distributions of amino acids in black and white smoker fluids at temperatures over 200 °C

Effect of temperature on the dissolution and thermal alteration of combined amino acids fixed in natural sediment under simulated hydrothermal conditions

“…At the Lost City hydrothermal field located in the Mid-Atlantic Ridge, a higher concentration of TDHAAs was observed in the hydrothermal fluids (47-91°C, 0.7-2.3 lM) than in the hydrothermal plume (0.6 lM) and ambient seawater (0.3 lM) (Lang et al, 2013). The concentrations of TDHAAs were 4-54 times higher in the high temperature fluids (> 208°C) than in the low temperature fluids (< 53°C) and in ambient seawater collected at a hydrothermal field in the Mariana Trough (Fuchida et al, 2014). These findings support the idea that hydrothermal fluids are a pool of amino acids and important media for the supply of organic carbon and nitrogen to hydrothermal ecosystems.…”

“…Biogenic amino acids must be released during the reaction of hydrothermal fluids with sediments, rocks, and chimneys that contain high amounts of amino acids derived from organisms and biodebris (Klevenz et al, 2010;Lang et al, 2013;Fuchida et al, 2014Fuchida et al, , 2015. Ito et al (2006Ito et al ( , 2009) heated calcareous ooze with NaCl solution at 100-300°C to clarify the release process of biogenic amino acids into the solution.…”

A Method for Detection of Trace Concentrations of Underivatized Amino Acid in Hydrothermal Fluids by Ion-Pairing Reversed-Phase UPLC-ESI-QTOF-MS

“…Finally, characterisation and retention of amino acids was confirmed by injection of 1000 ppb standard solutions of each amino acid separately. Calibration was designed to investigate linearity at lowest possible concentrations as amino acids were suspected to occur at levels < 1 nM in natural samples [12] [14]- [16]. However, Gly was detectable only at relatively high concentration compared to the other amino acids and therefore two stronger concentrations were also injected for calibration which consists of the following injections: 2, 4 and 10 μL of the 2 ppb solution; 2, 4, 8 and 10 μL of the 20 ppb solution; 10 μL of the 200 and 1000 ppb solutions.…”

“…[10] [11]. Amino acids do occur in hydrothermal fluids and although the presence of a small fraction of abiogenic amino acids has not been excluded, the authors have claimed unanimously they were biogenic (microbial production) or thermogenic (organic matter degradation) [12]- [17]. The occurrence and persistence of amino acids in hydrothermal fluids likely depend on multiple parameters such as pressure, temperature, redox conditions, thermodynamics, kinetics, residence time and microbial activity.…”

“…Main challenges in the analysis of amino acids in hydrothermal fluids are the complexity of the matrix which contains high concentrations of salts and metals [24] [25] and the trace concentrations of amino acids to be detected. Liquid Chromatography-Fluorescence Light Detector (FLD) has typically been used for separating and measuring amino acids in hydrothermal fluids [12]- [17]. Long chromatographic separation times of at least 25 min and up to 135 min were reported.…”