Concentration-Response Relationship between PM_2.5and Daily Respiratory Deaths in China: A Systematic Review and Metaregression Analysis of Time-Series Studies

Abstract

The association between the particulate matters with aerodynamic diameter ≤ 2.5 μm (PM2.5) and daily respiratory deaths, particularly the concentration-response pattern, has not been fully examined and established in China. We conducted a systematic review of time-series studies to compile information on the associations between PM2.5 concentration and respiratory deaths and used metaregression to assess the concentration-response relationship. Out of 1,957 studies screened, eleven articles in English and two articles in Chinese met the eligibility criteria. For single-day lags, per 10 μg/m3 increase in PM2.5 concentration was associated with 0.30 [95% confidence interval (CI): 0.10, 0.50] percent increase in daily respiratory deaths; for multiday lags, the corresponding increase in respiratory deaths was 0.69 (95% CI: 0.55, 0.83) percent. Difference in the effects was observed between the northern cities and the south cities in China. No statistically significant concentration-response relationship between PM2.5 concentrations and their effects was found. With increasingly wider location coverage for PM2.5 data, it is crucial to further investigate the concentration-response pattern of PM2.5 effects on respiratory and other cause-specific mortality for the refinement and adaptation of global and national air quality guidelines and targets.

The effect and mechanism of Modified Guo-Min Decoction and Yu-Ping-Feng Powder on fine particulate matter-induced lung inflammatory injury and airway mucus hypersecretion in rats

“…According to recent clinical studies, both long and short period exposure to PM2.5 could increase the prevalence and mortality of respiratory diseases [2][3][4]. In our clinical application, we discovered that MGMD and YPFP could relieve the respiratory symptoms caused by hazy weather.…”

“…The average annual concentration of PM2.5 in Chinese urban area in 2016 (51 µg/m 3 ) was far beyond the level WHO recommended (12 µg/m³). Recent epidemiological studies have shown that both long and short term exposure to PM2.5 are closely associated with respiratory diseases which increased the risk of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), lung cancer, asthma and pneumonia [2][3][4]. The mechanisms of PM2.5-induced respiratory system injury have been investigated including in ammatory response, oxidative stress, genotoxicity, and imbalanced intracellular calcium homeostasis [5,6].…”

PM2.5 exposure on daily cardio-respiratory mortality in Lima, Peru, from 2010 to 2016.

“…Epidemiological studies conducted mainly in developing countries have associated PM 2.5 with all cause and cause-specific mortality [2,3,4,5,6,7]. These studies have evaluated short-term and long-term PM 2.5 exposure on mortality, primarily cardiovascular and respiratory deaths [3,4,8], but also some kinds of cancer [9,10,11].…”

Sex differences in Associations of Fine Particulate Matter with Non-accidental Deaths: An Ecological Time-Series Study

“…Even in high-income countries, the percentage is as high as 56% [1]. Air pollution has a substantial impact on human health and has become a global public health risk [2].…”