Concentration of Maize Chlorotic Mottle Virus Increased in Mixed Infections with Maize Dwarf Mosaic Virus, Strain B

Supervirulent pseudorecombination and asymmetric synergism between genomic components of two distinct species of begomovirus associated with severe tomato leaf curl disease in India

“…The synergism is similar to that observed for potyviruses, which mediate the accumulation of potexviruses, comoviruses and machlomoviruses, although their levels remain relatively unchanged during mixed infections (Damirdagh & Ross, 1967;Calvert & Ghabrial, 1983;Goldberg & Brakke, 1987;Vance, 1991;Vance et al, 1995). Synergism between isolates of two cassava-infecting geminiviruses, ACMV and EACMV, has been observed and the genes mediating synergism have been identified (Fondong et al, 2000;Pita et al, 2001;Vanitharani et al, 2004).…”

Complete nucleotide sequence of a maize chlorotic mottle virus isolate from Nebraska

“…MCMV-NE was originally isolated from infected maize plants grown in NE, USA [2]. Following nearly 20 years in 4°C storage as dried infected leaves, the isolate was recovered by sap inoculation of maize inbred line SDp2 seedlings.…”

“…MCMV was originally identified in Kansas, USA, associated with corn lethal necrosis disease (CLND) [4,9] resulting from synergistic interaction of MCMV and one of several maize-infecting potyviruses in mixed infections [2]. The genome of an isolate of MCMV from Kansas (MCMV-KS) has been completely sequenced [5], used in synergism assays to reproduce CLND [6], and cloned as a full-length cDNA insert from which infectious RNA may be transcribed in vitro [7].…”

“…The genome of an isolate of MCMV from Kansas (MCMV-KS) has been completely sequenced [5], used in synergism assays to reproduce CLND [6], and cloned as a full-length cDNA insert from which infectious RNA may be transcribed in vitro [7]. However, genome properties of the MCMV isolate from Nebraska (MCMV-NE) used in disease synergism assays [2,8] and the relationship of this isolate to the well characterized MCMV-KS isolate has not been fully established. Here, we report the complete nucleotide sequence of MCMV-NE, compare the sequence of MCMV-NE with that of MCMV-KS, and describe construction of a full-length MCMV-NE clone serving as template for in vitro transcription of infectious RNA.…”

Plant viral synergism: the potyviral genome encodes a broad-range pathogenicity enhancer that transactivates replication of heterologous viruses.

“…Severa1 such potyvirus-associated synergistic diseases have been examined in detail, and in each, a dramatic increase in host symptoms has been observed in doubly infected plants compared with singly infected plants. The increase in symptoms is correlated with an increase in the accumulation of the non-potyvirus, but there is no corresponding increase or decrease in the level of the potyvirus (Rochow and Ross, 1955;Calvert and Ghabrial, 1983;Goldberg and Brakke, 1987;Vance, 1991). Such synergistic interactions offer a unique opportunity to investigate the regulation of viral replication and disease because the accumulation and pathogenicity of one virus are altered when it interacts with a relatively simple genetic element, the genome of the coinfecting virus.…”