Concentration of hydroalcoholic extracts of graviola (Annona muricata L.) pruning waste by ultra and nanofiltration: Recovery of bioactive compounds and prediction of energy consumption

Abstract

Concentrated extracts of graviola leaves, which are widely discarded during the pruning of trees in commercial crops, were obtained by different membrane concentration process. These leaves are commonly used in traditional medicine due to their pharmacological properties. In this study, hydroalcoholic extracts (with 50 or 70% of ethanol (v/v)) of graviola leaves were subjected to ultrafiltration (UF), nanofiltration (NF) and to combination of both processes (UF followed by NF). The concentrated fractions coming from these processes were analyzed for their total antioxidant capacity and total phenolic content in order to evaluate the selectivity of each concentration step. Processes performance were also evaluated for productivity (permeate fluxes) and energy consumption, which allowed the choice of the best membrane filtration system in terms of energy savings and of interest compounds retention. The combination of processes of UF and NF showed retention coefficients higher than 75% in concentration of phenolic compounds. This sequential design resulted also in higher fluxes of NF, the fluxes increased almost seven times for extracts with 50% of ethanol, and almost three times for extracts with 70% of ethanol when compared to direct processes o NF. Furthermore, the combined system of UF and NF promoted a significant reduction in the concentration time of the extracts by NF and the characterization of fouling mechanisms, which is important parameters to scale-up of this process, indicated that the strategy may increase the useful life of the membranes.

Partial Removal of Sugar from Apple Juice by Nanofiltration and Discontinuous Diafiltration

“…In particular, the use of nanofiltration (NF) membranes has been largely investigated for the fractionation and concentration of flavonoids, anthocyanins, carotenoids, sugars, and phenolic compounds from fruit and vegetable matrices including graviola ( Annona muricata L.) [ 12 ], jussara ( Euterpe edulis ) [ 13 ], wine lees [ 14 ], grape pomace [ 15 ], propolis [ 16 ], and roselle ( Hibiscus sabdariffa L.) [ 17 ] extracts, as well as elderberry ( Sambucus nigra L.) [ 18 ], pomegranate [ 19 ], bergamot [ 20 ], and apple [ 21 ] juices. Nevertheless, the metabolic composition of apple juice is quite complex and the molecular masses of valuable compounds are close to those of sugars (mono and disaccharides), which results in a membrane insufficient selectivity [ 22 ].…”

Soursop (Annona muricata) Properties and Perspectives for Integral Valorization

“…The entire soursop production and commercial process generates a significant amount of waste during processing for pulp production, crushed fruits that fall into the orchard, and ripe or unripe fruits, plus the peels and the seeds. During planting with tree pruning, many leaves are removed [ 12 ]; in harvesting, transport, and fresh commercialization with excessive ripening, fruits can fall and be crushed, causing the loss of the entire fruit [ 4 ]. Baddrie and Schauss [ 1 ] highlight that post-harvest losses of fresh fruit can reach up to 75.8% due to a lack of knowledge about losses and how to prevent them in some producing regions.…”

Recovery of Anthocyanins and Monosaccharides from Grape Marc Extract by Nanofiltration Membranes

“…In particular, the use of nanofiltration (NF) membranes has been largely investigated for the fractionation and concentration of flavonoids, oligosaccharides, anthocyanins, carotenoids and phenolic compounds at low temperatures from vegetable extracts including apple pomace [ 27 ], pequi ( Caryocar brasiliense Camb.) [ 28 ], propolis [ 29 ], graviola ( Annona muricata L.) [ 30 ], jussara ( Euterpe edulis ) [ 31 ], artichoke [ 32 ], wine lees [ 33 , 34 ] and grape pomace [ 35 , 36 , 37 , 38 , 39 ] extracts.…”