Concentration of growth hormone, prolactin and cortisol in fetal and maternal blood and amniotic fluid during late pregnancy and parturition in cows with cannulated fetuses

Taverne, M.A.M.; Bevers, M.M.; Weyden, G. C. van der; Dieleman, S.J.; Fontijne, P.

doi:10.1016/0378-4320(88)90044-9

Cited by 31 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…Elevated plasma cortisol concentrations, measured at different times around parturition, have previously been reported in cattle (Hudson et al 1975, Seren et al 1977, Heuwieser et al 1987, Taverne et al 1988, Rausch et al 1989, goats (Hydbring & Olsson 1995) and sheep (Strott et al 1974). Now, through frequent blood sampling, we have also demonstrated that the cortisol increases during parturition in heifers and goats correlate strongly with the phases of parturition.…”

Section: Figurementioning

confidence: 48%

Hormonal changes during parturition in heifers and goats are related to the phases and severity of labour

Hydbring¹,

Madej²,

MacDonald³

et al. 1999

Journal of Endocrinology

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Parturition is a natural event that involves stress and pain for the mother. We thus hypothesized that levels of stress hormones measured during parturition could reflect levels reached in response to severe discomfort and pain of other kinds as well. The aim of this study was therefore to determine whether plasma concentrations of cortisol, adrenaline, noradrenaline, -endorphin, met-enkephalin, vasopressin and oxytocin vary depending on the phase and severity of labour in dairy heifers (ten) and dairy goats (six), and how these hormones interact with each other. Blood samples were taken once a day for 3 days before labour and for 3 days afterwards and at predetermined phases during labour. All heifers delivered one calf and five of them needed obstetrical assistance. Two of the goats delivered one kid, and four had twins; all kidded without help. The cortisol concentration peaked when the calf and the first kid were born. In the heifers, plasma adrenaline increased after delivery, while the noradrenaline concentration did not change significantly in heifers that needed assistance, but increased during expulsion in heifers calving without help. In the goats, adrenaline and noradrenaline concentrations increased in association with expulsion of the first kid. The -endorphin concentration increased during labour in goats. In heifers that needed assistance, -endorphin concentration increased 1 h after labour but there was no change in heifers that did not need assistance. The met-enkephalin concentration was elevated during expulsion in heifers and fluctuated in the goats. Both oxytocin and vasopressin increased during expulsion in both groups of heifers, but vasopressin increased four times more in heifers needing assistance. In the goats, oxytocin reached its highest levels just as the feet of the first kid became visible, and vasopressin peaked as the head emerged. Parturition took longer in heifers that needed assistance than in those that did not. It is concluded that, even though the pattern of change differed between hormones during labour, the changes were related to the phases of labour. A longer labour therefore meant that the hormone concentrations stayed elevated for longer. Vasopressin reached high levels in goats and was the only hormone for which plasma concentrations were higher in heifers that needed assistance than in those that did not, indicating that this hormone is released in order to deal with the painrelated stress associated with labour.

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Section: Figurementioning

confidence: 48%

Hormonal changes during parturition in heifers and goats are related to the phases and severity of labour

Hydbring¹,

Madej²,

MacDonald³

et al. 1999

Journal of Endocrinology

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“…or 0.50 mm i.d. ϫ 0.80 mm o.d., total lengths 4 m; Dural Plastics and Engineering, Silverwater, Australia), which were advanced 50-75 cm so as to lie with their tips in the fetal dorsal aorta (FA) and fetal caudal vena cava (FV), respectively [14,15]. The catheters were sutured to the skin, and the leg was returned to the uterus and finally, the fetal membranes were tied.…”

Section: Fetal Surgery and Catheterizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…On Day 3 after surgery, the ability of the fetus to handle a bolus load of circulating glucose was investigated. Blood samples were drawn from the fetal arterial (FA) and maternal venous (MV) catheters immediately before and at intervals after (5,15,30,60, 90, 120 min) injection of a 50% glucose solution into the fetal vena cava catheter (FV, 0.5 g kg Ϫ1 ). The fetal body weight was estimated at the time of surgery and generally taken to be 35 kg.…”

Section: Blood Sampling Protocol For Pregnant Cows and Their Fetusesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…injection of synthetic ACTH to investigate the maturation of the fetal adrenal gland and its capacity to secrete cortisol. Blood samples were taken from the FV catheter before and at intervals after (15,30,60, 120, 150, 180 min) FV injection of 250 g of ACTH 1-25 (Synacthen; CibaGeigy, Basel, Switzerland) for measurements of cortisol in plasma.…”

Section: Blood Sampling Protocol For Pregnant Cows and Their Fetusesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Blood Chemistry, Nutrient Metabolism, and Organ Weights in Fetal and Newborn Calves Derived from In Vitro-Produced Bovine Embryos1

Sangild¹,

Schmidt²,

Jacobsen³

et al. 2000

Biology of Reproduction

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Calves born after in vitro production (IVP) of embryos often show reduced perinatal viability. The present experiment investigated a series of physiological variables in the immediate prenatal and postnatal period of IVP dairy calves. Fetal IVP and control calves (each n = 7) were prepared with vascular catheters at 248+/-1 day gestation (term = 280 days), and blood samples were taken for five days before premature delivery by cesarean section. IVP fetuses compared with controls had significantly elevated arterial hemoglobin and oxygen content (8.41 vs. 7.52% and 5.75 vs. 3.79%, respectively) whereas lactate level was lowered (1.89 vs. 2.26 mM). The umbilical venous-arterial concentration differences in oxygen, lactate, and glucose indicated that IVP fetuses relied more on lactate and less on glucose as oxidative substrates. The fetal glucose tolerance, and the basal and adrenocorticotropin-stimulated cortisol levels were similar between the groups. In the immediate postnatal period, IVP calves showed elevated venous blood pH (7.294 vs. 7.270), hemoglobin (9.06 vs. 8.25%), oxygen contents (6.33 vs. 4. 64%), K(+) levels (4.89 vs. 4.56 mM), and rectal temperature (38.9 vs. 37.4 degrees C), and lowered blood Na(+) (139.9 vs. 141.0 mM), Cl(-) (100.2 vs. 103.1 mM) and glucose levels (2.86 vs. 3.11 mM). There were no differences in body dimensions and organ weights, except that the fore legs and hind legs were slightly longer in the IVP group (76.1 vs. 72.4 cm and 93.4 vs. 88.8 cm, respectively). Although prenatal and neonatal IVP calves differed from control calves in a number of variables, the effects were relatively minor and provide no direct evidence for the hypothesis that IVP calves have an impaired capacity to adapt to life ex utero. In fact, several parameters indicated enhanced rather than retarded maturation of IVP calves when data from premature calves were compared with data from a group of control calves delivered at term.

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“…Finally all catheters and electrode wires were tunnelled subcutaneously to the most dorsal area of the sublumbar fossa. These techniques have been extensively described before (Taverne et al. 1988).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Uterine Responses to Exogenous Oxytocin Before and After Pre‐partum Luteolysis in the Cow

Taverne

Schwartz

Kankofer

et al. 2001

Reprod Domestic Animals

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The aim of this study was to test the functional status of uterine oxytocin receptors in cows in vivo around parturition. The animals received consecutive, intra-arterial injections of 800, 1,600 and 3,200 mU of oxytocin at three different stages: during late gestation (days 260-274), at 12 h and at 24 h after intramuscular injection of a prostaglandin F2alpha analogue at day 275 to induce parturition. Cows (n = 6) had been provided with myometrial electrodes and a catheter had been installed in the aorta and in a branch of the uterine vein (UV). Regular blood samples were obtained from the UV from 5 min before until 45 min after each oxytocin injection to measure plasma levels of prostaglandin F2alpha (PGF2alpha) and oxytocin. Uterine electromyographic (EMG) activity was registered continuously during each experiment. The increase of oxytocin levels in UV plasma after intra-arterial injections was dose dependent (p < 0.02). Pre- and post treatment oxytocin levels at 24 h after induction of parturition were significantly increased (p = 0.0313). Both during late pregnancy and at 12 h after induction of parturition, oxytocin caused a significant increase in EMG activity (p = 0.022). After the 3,200 mU dose the increase was significantly higher than with the other 2 doses (p = 0.004). After each dose, EMG activity returned to baseline levels within some 15 min. At 24 h after induction of parturition, the pre-treatment level of EMG activity had increased. Doses of 800 mU and 1,600 mU of oxytocin produced a significant (p = 0.022) increment of EMG activity, which was of the same magnitude as during the preceding stages; after 3,200 mU of oxytocin the response was significantly higher than before (p = 0.008). No significant increases of PGF2alpha levels in UV plasma could be measured after oxytocin injections at any of the three stages. It is concluded that the myometrium of the pregnant cow responds in vivo to physiological doses of oxytocin. At 24 h after induction of parturition, when luteolysis has occurred and a parturient pattern of parturient myometrial activity has already started to develop, the response is enhanced. Physiological doses of oxytocin did not evoke a spurt release of PGF2alpha in uterine venous blood during the peripartal period.

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Concentration of growth hormone, prolactin and cortisol in fetal and maternal blood and amniotic fluid during late pregnancy and parturition in cows with cannulated fetuses

Cited by 31 publications

References 10 publications

Hormonal changes during parturition in heifers and goats are related to the phases and severity of labour

Hormonal changes during parturition in heifers and goats are related to the phases and severity of labour

Blood Chemistry, Nutrient Metabolism, and Organ Weights in Fetal and Newborn Calves Derived from In Vitro-Produced Bovine Embryos1

Uterine Responses to Exogenous Oxytocin Before and After Pre‐partum Luteolysis in the Cow

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