Concentration of dissolved iron in the oxygen minimum zone off San Esteban sill, Gulf of California

Fermentation and Anaerobic Oxidation of Organic Carbon in the Oxygen Minimum Zone of the Upwelling Ecosystem Off Concepción, in Central Chile

“…This experimental evidence of thermodynamically feasible acetate oxidation -with Fe(OH) 3 as an electron acceptor -reveals the potential ability of microbes to reduce solid-phase iron which is carried by rivers in the region, using the fermented metabolites produced in oxygen-depleted water. This process would release dissolved bioavailable Fe for utilization by phytoplankton and chemolithotrophic microbes (Segovia-Zavala et al, 2013), and metalloenzymes required for reduction of nitrate and nitrite (Milligan and Harrison, 2000). In support of this working hypothesis, bacterial reduction of solid-phase metals associated with oxidation of acetate has in fact been detected in the Baltic Sea (Berg et al, 2013).…”