Concentration Measurement of Microliter-Volume Water–Glucose Solutions Using $Q$ Factor of Microwave Sensors

Juan, Carlos G.; Bronchalo, E.; Potelon, Benjamin; Quendo, Cédric; Ávila-Navarro, Ernesto; Navarro, José María Sabater

doi:10.1109/tim.2018.2866743

Cited by 118 publications

(55 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…Dielectric Constant Frequency Range (GHz) Resonant Frequency Shift (MHz) [19] 66 for 10% methanol and 77 for the 10% ethanol 4-5 35 for methanol and 30 for ethanol [20] 39 for 40% ethanol 1.3-2.3 40 [21] 58 for methanol 40% and 57 for 40% ethanol 1.7-2.1 30 for methanol and 15 for ethanol [25] 55 for 30% ethanol 1-3 90 [26] 57 for 40% methanol and 53 for 40% ethanol 0.8-2.2 20 for methanol and 30 for ethanol [27] 76.84 for water, 6.62 for ethanol and 20.54 for methanol 2, 5, and 7 8 for water, 2 for methanol, 3 for ethanol [28] 59 for 40% ethanol 0.8-0.95 10 This work 77.5 for water, 57 for 40% methanol and 56 for 40% Ethanol 2.5-3.5 100 for water, 90 for methanol, and 80 for ethanol Table 2. Comparison of sensitivity for the rest chemical samples between our proposed structure and other in literature.…”

Section: Referencementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Their proposed structure was fabricated and measured using water/ethanol solutions for the confirmation of the sensing principle [26]. Besides, by utilizing the Q factor concept, a microwave sensor was studied for the detection of glucose concentration at the operating frequency of 2, 5, and 7 GHz [27]. In another study, dielectric liquids were characterized by using differential mode microwave microfluidic sensor based on frequency splitting and a microstrip splitter/combiner configuration and split ring resonators (SRRs) [28].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Novel Metamaterials-Based Hypersensitized Liquid Sensor Integrating Omega-Shaped Resonator with Microstrip Transmission Line

Abdulkarim

Deng

Karaaslan

et al. 2020

Sensors

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In this paper, a new metamaterials-based hypersensitized liquid sensor integrating omega-shaped resonator with microstrip transmission line is proposed. Microwave transmission responses to industrial energy-based liquids are investigated intensively from both numerical and experimental point of view. Simulation results concerning three-dimensional electromagnetic fields have shown that the transmission coefficient of the resonator could be monitored by the magnetic coupling between the transmission line and omega resonator. This sensor structure has been examined by methanol-water and ethanol-water mixtures. Moreover, the designed sensor is demonstrated to be very sensitive for identifying clean and waste transformer oils. A linear response characteristic of shifting the resonance frequency upon the increment of chemical contents/concentrations or changing the oil condition is observed. In addition to the high agreement of transmission coefficients (S21) between simulations and experiments, obvious resonant-frequency shift of transmission spectrum is recognized for typical pure chemical liquids (i.e., PEG 300, isopropyl alcohol, PEG1500, ammonia, and water), giving rise to identify the type and concentration of the chemical liquids. The novelty of the work is to utilize Q factor and minimum value of S21 as sensing agent in the proposed structure, which are seen to be well compatible at different frequencies ranging from 1-20 GHz. This metamaterial integrated transmission line-based sensor is considered to be promising candidate for precise detection of fluidics and for applications in the field of medicine and chemistry.

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Section: Referencementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Novel Metamaterials-Based Hypersensitized Liquid Sensor Integrating Omega-Shaped Resonator with Microstrip Transmission Line

Abdulkarim

Deng

Karaaslan

et al. 2020

Sensors

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…A change in the glucose concentration will cause a change in the dielectric properties of the tissue and thus impedance, and is the input into the sensor circuit. Sensors include microstrip patch antennas [177], spiral microstrip resonator [178,179], open-loop microstrip resonator [180][181][182], split-ring resonators [1,183,184], patch resonators [172] and dielectric resonator antennas [185]. These sensors have different principles of operation, but they are based on the same idea of measuring changes in glucose concentration by measuring the reflected changes in amplitude and resonant frequency of sensors' response.…”

Section: Millimeter Wave/microwave/ultra-high Frequency Wave Sensingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These output measurements reflect changes in the glucose concentration that correlate to the dielectric properties of tissue [186]. The dependency of glucose concentration to the quality factor of an open-loop resonator was recently investigated by measuring the Q factor for different glucose concentration in aqueous solutions [180], blood plasma solutions [181] and on 352 human tongues [182]. The latter study resulted in reliable glucose measurements in some of the human subjects.…”

Section: Millimeter Wave/microwave/ultra-high Frequency Wave Sensingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Review of Non-Invasive Glucose Sensing Techniques: Optical, Electrical and Breath Acetone

Shokrekhodaei

Quinones

2020

Sensors

145

109

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Annual deaths in the U.S. attributed to diabetes are expected to increase from 280,210 in 2015 to 385,840 in 2030. The increase in the number of people affected by diabetes has made it one of the major public health challenges around the world. Better management of diabetes has the potential to decrease yearly medical costs and deaths associated with the disease. Non-invasive methods are in high demand to take the place of the traditional finger prick method as they can facilitate continuous glucose monitoring. Research groups have been trying for decades to develop functional commercial non-invasive glucose measurement devices. The challenges associated with non-invasive glucose monitoring are the many factors that contribute to inaccurate readings. We identify and address the experimental and physiological challenges and provide recommendations to pave the way for a systematic pathway to a solution. We have reviewed and categorized non-invasive glucose measurement methods based on: (1) the intrinsic properties of glucose, (2) blood/tissue properties and (3) breath acetone analysis. This approach highlights potential critical commonalities among the challenges that act as barriers to future progress. The focus here is on the pertinent physiological aspects, remaining challenges, recent advancements and the sensors that have reached acceptable clinical accuracy.

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“…Simple patch resonators have been used that have not achieved enough sensitivity but the detection limit was good. In 16 , the work has focused mainly on the development of the sensors but the measurements were proof of concept and not actually done on diabetic patients or performed water-glucose solutions instead of blood glucose respectively. Our research group proposed an approach using bio-impedance measurements 17 and also done work on in-body radio channels for wireless implants 18 .…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Highly Sensitive Closed Loop Enclosed Split Ring Biosensor With High Field Confinement for Aqueous and Blood-Glucose Measurements

Kandwal

Igbe

et al. 2020

Sci Rep

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This paper presents a highly sensitive closed loop enclosed split ring biosensor operating in microwave frequencies for measuring blood glucose levels in the human body. The proposed microwave glucose biosensor, working on the principle of high field confinement and concentrated energy, has been tested using both in-vitro and in-vivo methods. This principle allows the sensor to concentrate energy at the surface which results in improved accuracy of measurements. For in-vitro measurements, the biosensor has been tested using de-ionized water glucose solutions of different concentrations. The miniaturized micrometer scale biosensor is fabricated over a thin Si-substrate using photolithographic technique. The biosensor has been designed in a way to operate at desired microwave frequencies. Highly confined fields and concentrated energy inside the closed loop line containing the split ring resonators are responsible for the sensitivity enhancement. This new biosensor has obtained a high sensitivity of 82 MHz/mgmL −1 within the clinical diabetic range during in-vivo testing over the human body. In addition, the subjects (undergoing experiments) steady state has been continuously monitored throughout the experiment which helps in improving the accuracy of the results. The proposed biosensor has further obtained a low detection limit of <0.05 wt.% and can be useful for continuous non-invasive blood glucose monitoring.

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Concentration Measurement of Microliter-Volume Water–Glucose Solutions Using $Q$ Factor of Microwave Sensors

Cited by 118 publications

References 43 publications

Novel Metamaterials-Based Hypersensitized Liquid Sensor Integrating Omega-Shaped Resonator with Microstrip Transmission Line

Novel Metamaterials-Based Hypersensitized Liquid Sensor Integrating Omega-Shaped Resonator with Microstrip Transmission Line

Review of Non-Invasive Glucose Sensing Techniques: Optical, Electrical and Breath Acetone

Highly Sensitive Closed Loop Enclosed Split Ring Biosensor With High Field Confinement for Aqueous and Blood-Glucose Measurements

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