Concentration-Dependent Attenuation of Pro-Fibrotic Responses after Cannabigerol Exposure in Primary Rat Hepatocytes Cultured in Palmitate and Fructose Media

Abstract

Hepatic fibrosis is a consequence of liver injuries, in which the overproduction and progressive accumulation of extracellular matrix (ECM) components with the simultaneous failure of matrix turnover mechanisms are observed. The aim of this study was to investigate the concentration-dependent influence of cannabigerol (CBG, Cannabis sativa L. component) on ECM composition with respect to transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF-β1) changes in primary hepatocytes with fibrotic changes induced by palmitate and fructose media. Cells were isolated from male Wistar rats’ livers in accordance with the two-step collagenase perfusion technique. This was followed by hepatocytes incubation with the presence or absence of palmitate with fructose and/or cannabigerol (at concentrations of 1, 5, 10, 15, 25, 30 µM) for 48 h. The expression of ECM mRNA genes and proteins was determined using PCR and Western blot, respectively, whereas media ECM level was evaluated using ELISA. Our results indicated that selected low concentrations of CBG caused a reduction in TGF-β1 mRNA expression and secretion into media. Hepatocyte exposure to cannabigerol at low concentrations attenuated collagen 1 and 3 deposition. The protein and/or mRNA expressions and MMP-2 and MMP-9 secretion were augmented using CBG. Considering the mentioned results, low concentrations of cannabigerol treatment might expedite fibrosis regression and promote regeneration.

Modulation of Redox and Inflammatory Signaling in Human Skin Cells Using Phytocannabinoids Applied after UVA Irradiation: In Vitro Studies

“…Regardless of the assessment of the impact of the tested phytocannabinoids on proteins of the redox system and those involved in the development of inflammation, the response of collagen was also checked, which was an example of a protein on which the phytocannabinoids had both protective and regenerative effects. It has been found that, under the control conditions, CBG slightly increases collagen expression in both fibroblasts and keratinocytes, which may be related to the effect of CBG on collagen-degrading enzymes, including the stimulation of metalloproteinases [ 83 ]. However, the oxidative stress and proinflammatory conditions induced by the UVA radiation clearly inhibit collagen biosynthesis through various mechanisms [ 84 ].…”