Concentration Dependent Antigenic Response to Formalin Inactivated Streptococcus equi Isolates in Rabbits

Manzoor, Sohail; Rahman, Sajjad Ur; Ashraf, Muhammad

doi:10.4172/jaa.1000146

Cited by 1 publication

(3 citation statements)

References 9 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…From this experimentation it can be concluded that 0.005 ml of alum hydroxide gel containing 1.0 mg of Al (OH) 3 should be preferred over 1.0 ml of gel containing 2.0 mg of Al (OH) 3 because of same adsorption capacity and getting more economical. Moreover the amount of adjuvant is also very important because a fact has been proved in animal studies according to which as the amount of aluminium adjuvant was increased, the adjuvant effect increased, but only to a certain concentration after which, the adjuvant effect declined [24][25][26]29]. The reasons for this optimum concentration of adjuvant are unknown.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[24]. Degree of adsorption can be measured by simply centrifuging the adsorbed vaccine and assaying the supernatant for total protein (by Lowry assay, BCA assay, or other protein assay), antigenicity (flocculation), or polysaccharide (by anthrone or some specific sugar assay) depending upon the nature of the antigen [25,26].The ultimate objective of this study is to determine the streptococcal adsorption capacity of different concentrations of Alum Hydroxide gel for S. equi and S. equisimillis. Sulphate ions were removed from alum hydroxide gel and after complete removal of sulphate ions NaOH drops were used to maintain the pH as depicted by Lindblad et al and Gupta et al [7,27].…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Determination of Adsorption Capacity of Alum Hydroxide {Al (OH) 3} Gel for Streptococcus equi sub specie equi and Streptococcus dysgalacltae sub species equisimillis

Manzoor¹,

Rahman²,

Ashraf³

et al. 2017

J Antivir Antiretrovir

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Citation: Manzoor S, Rahman S, Ashraf M, Khan FM, Syed ZH (2017) Determination of Adsorption Capacity of Alum Hydroxide {Al (OH) 3} Gel for Streptococcus equi sub specie equi and Streptococcus dysgalacltae sub species equisimillis. J Antivir Antiretrovir 9: 006-009. doi:10.4172/1948-5964.1000155 Copyright: © 2017 Manzoor S, et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. Determination of Adsorption Capacity of Alum Hydroxide {Al (OH)3 AbstractThe present study was conducted to determine the adsorption capacity of Alum Hydroxide gel for Streptococcus equi and Streptococcus equisimillis in combination. One ml of streptococcal inoculum containing live count of Streptococcus equi @ 2 × 10 9 /ml and Streptococcus equisimillis @ 2 × 10 9 /ml inoculated in each of six Eppendorf tubes containing 0.2 mg, 0.4 mg, 0.6 mg, 0.8 mg, 1.0 mg and 2.0 mgs of autoclaved Aluminium Hydroxide in the form of gel, mixed and centrifuged at 1600 rpm for 15 minutes produced supernatant, which upon streaking and incubation on seven nutrient agar plates including supernatant from 7 th control negative Eppendorf tube containing sterilized normal saline produced different number of colonies after adsorbing streptococcal cells depending upon the concentration of Al(OH) 3 in gel. 50 colonies were counted from supernatant recovered from Eppendorf containing 0.2 mg of Aluminium Hydroxide, 25 colonies from supernatant over 0.4 mg, 15 colonies from supernatant over 0.6 mg, 10 colonies from supernatant over 0.8 mg and no colony was obtained from supernatants over 1.0 mg and 2.0 mgs of Aluminium Hydroxide while 100 colonies were recovered from control negative ependorf containing only normal saline without Aluminium Hydroxide. It is concluded that Aluminium Hydroxide as gel should be used as adjuvant @ 1 mg per ml of streptococcal inoculum in a streptococcal vaccine. Journal of Antivirals & Antiretrovirals Preparation of formalin-inactivated Streptococcus equi and Streptococcus equisimillis antigenSelected colonies of S. equi and S. equisimillis isolate were inoculated in two 500 ml flasks separately containing Modified Todd-Hewitt broth supplemented with 5% horse serum. Both the flasks were kept on orbital shakers at 60 rpm for 48 h. After that formalin (0.2%) was added in both flasks to kill the S. equi and S. equisimillis isolate. These bacterial isolates were kept stable for 24 hours for proper action of Formalin. The killed organisms from both flasks were harvested by centrifugation at 6000 xg for 1 h at 4°C. Two washings with sterile PBS (pH 7.2) were done. The pellets from both flaks thus obtained were re-suspended in PBS. The immunogenic concentration of S. equi and S. equisimillis as declared by Manzoor et al. was adjusted as 2 × 10 9 per ml and 2 × 10 9 per ml respectively by spectrophotometer. These preparations were stored at 4°C until utiliz...

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation