Concentration characteristics of atmospheric PCBs for urban and rural area, Korea

Yeo, Hyun-Gu; Choi, Minkyu; Chun, Man-Young; Kim, Tae-Wook; Cho, Ki-Chul; Sunwoo, Young

doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2003.10.031

Cited by 66 publications

(44 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…Atmospheric PCB concentrations presented in this study (sum of 12 PCBs) were significantly lower than those observed at urban and rural areas of Korea (sum of 20 PCBs, 3 ) (Yeo et al, 2004) and the mixed institutional, residential, and commercial area in Chicago, USA (sum of 20 PCBs, 0.4-8.3 ng/m 3 ) (Tasdemir et al, 2004b). However, the TEQ levels presented in this study were comparable to those observed in north Taiwan (2.23-4.49 fg WHO-TEQ/m 3 ) (Chi et al, 2008) and southern Taiwan near a municipal solid waste incinerator (4.66-8.81 fg WHO-TEQ/m 3 ) (Wang et al, 2010a).…”

Section: Ambient Air Pcdd/f and Pcb Concentrationscontrasting

confidence: 79%

“…A similar pattern was seen in ambient concentrations of PCBs, showing that the highest and lowest levels were found in an urban area (site B) and a rural area (site R). Higher concentrations of PCBs in urban areas than those of others have been reported in many studies, it is due to the fact that PCB-containing products were widely used in the urban areas (Lee et al, 1996a;Tasdemir et al, 2004;Yeo et al, 2004). It was also found that atmospheric concentrations of PCBs decreased with increasing chlorine substitution numbers, PCB#118 (46.6%, 5Cl) was the dominant species measured at all sampling sites, followed by PCB#105 (19.4%, 5Cl) and PCB#77 (18.0%, 4Cl).…”

Section: Ambient Air Pcdd/f and Pcb Concentrationsmentioning

confidence: 94%

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Atmospheric Dry Deposition of Polychlorinated Dibenzo-p-Dioxins/Dibenzofurans (PCDD/Fs) and Polychlorinated Biphenyls (PCBs) in Southern Taiwan

Lin

et al. 2012

Aerosol Air Qual. Res.

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Dry deposition is one of the major routes by which air pollutants enter the ecosystem, and thus this study investigated the dry deposition characteristics of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins/dibenzofurans (PCDD/Fs) and biphenyls (PCBs) in the ambient air of industrial, urban, and rural areas in southern Taiwan from November 2010 to May 2011. Average dry deposition fluxes of total PCDD/Fs and PCBs in the ambient air of four sites were 157-544 pg/m 2 -day (8.30-27.5 pg I-TEQ/m 2 -day) and 289-1010 pg/m 2 -day (0.540-1.94 pg WHO-TEQ/m 2 -day), respectively. The results showed that particle phase depositions dominated the dry deposition processes for the removal of PCDD/Fs and PCBs from the atmosphere, and the atmospheric deposition flux in the cold season tended to be higher than that during the warm season. The dry deposition velocity of individual PCDD/Fs (0.031-0.546 cm/s) increased as the number of chlorinated substitutes increased, which were similar to those measured or predicted in other Asian countries. Similar patterns of dry deposition velocities were observed for individual PCBs (0.069-3.38 cm/s), due to the fact that low chlorinated PCBs are predominant in gas phase and have lower deposition velocities.

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Section: Ambient Air Pcdd/f and Pcb Concentrationscontrasting

confidence: 79%

Section: Ambient Air Pcdd/f and Pcb Concentrationsmentioning

confidence: 94%

Atmospheric Dry Deposition of Polychlorinated Dibenzo-p-Dioxins/Dibenzofurans (PCDD/Fs) and Polychlorinated Biphenyls (PCBs) in Southern Taiwan

Lin

et al. 2012

Aerosol Air Qual. Res.

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“…In generally, the percentage of gas fraction increased with the decreasing chlorines except di-PCBs. The similar contribution patterns were also reported in Ansung (Yeo et al, 2003) and Yokohama (Kim and Masunaga, 2005).…”

Section: Atmospheric Pcbs Concentrationssupporting

confidence: 87%

“…The atmosphere is the main transport pathway, major source of PCBs to many aquatic ecosystems and an important media to under the behavior of PCBs (Hoff et al, 1996;Tseng et al, 2014a). PCBs are semivolatile compounds (Tseng et al, 2014b) and redistribute between the gas and particle after they enter the atmospher, are subjected to removal mechanisms and reach a partitioning equilibrium depended on temperature and vapor pressure of chemicals (Wania et al, 1998;Yeo et al, 2003). The fate of atmospheric POPs is primarily determined by their gas-particle partitioning (Pankow and Bidleman, 1992;Cotham and Bidleman, 1995;Cincinelli et al, 2014).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Seasonal Variation and Gas/Particle Partitioning of PCBs in Air from Central Urban Area of an Industrial Base and Coastal City -Tianjin, China

Zhang

Chen

2015

Aerosol Air Qual. Res.

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The 26 air samples were collected from Tianjin urban areas from July 2010 to May 2011 for the analysis of 86 PCB congeners to investigate the gas/particle partitioning of PCBs. The total PCBs concentration (in pg/m 3 ) ranged from 31.28 to 650.33 (mean: 273.77) and showed a significantly seasonal variation as summer > autumn > spring > winter. Gas PCBs accounted for 80.79% of total PCBs. The fraction of each gas PCB homolog increased with the decreasing chlorine atoms. The contribution of gas PCBs to total PCBs showed a strong seasonal variation with summer (94.07%) > autumn (78.91%) > spring (78.19%) > winter (56.02%). Tri-, tetra-and penta-PCBs were the predominantly homologs in Tianjin atmosphere. The natural logarithm of partial pressure of PCBs were well correlated with the inverse absolute environmental temperature (R = 0.79). The steep slope of -4933.64 obtained from Clausius-Clapeyron (C.C) plot indicated the influence of local PCBs sources. In generally, the C.C slopes and the surface-air exchange enthalpy (∆H SA ) for different PCB homologs increased with the increasing chlorine atoms. The fraction of particle bound PCBs were underestimated for PCBs with P L 0 > 10 -3.85 Pa and overestimated for PCB congeners with P L 0 < 10 -3.85 Pa by Junge-Pankow model. The logarithm of particle/gas partitioning coefficients (log K P ) of PCBs were well correlated with the logarithm of respective sub-cooled vapor pressures (log P L 0 ) (R = 0.72) and the octanol-air partition coefficient (log K OA ) (R = 0.77). The slopes for log K P against log P L 0 and log K OA plots were -0.44 and 0.48, deviated significantly from the expected -1 and +1 for the equilibrium state of gas/particle partitioning, possibly explained by the emission of PCBs and particles from the local industries and other sources. The TEQ concentrations (fg/m 3 ) for 12 dioxin-like PCB congeners ranged from 35.628 to 612.796 with the mean value as 144.878.

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“…PCBs were used in China mainly in electric equipment and painting (SEPA, 2003). Similarly to other parts of the world (Motelay-Massei et al, 2005;Yeo et al, 2004;Zhang et al, 2008a), previous assessment of PCBs distribution in soils and other environmental compartments in China evidenced the existence of an urban-rural gradient with highly populated urban and industrial districts representing the areas with highest density of potential primary atmospheric sources (Cui et al, 2013;Ren et al, 2007;Xing et al, 2005;Zheng et al, 2010). In China industrial and major urban clusters closely overlap (Xing et al, 2005).…”

Section: Index Of Potential Source Influencementioning

confidence: 93%

Does an analysis of polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) distribution in mountain soils across China reveal a latitudinal fractionation paradox?

Zheng

Nizzetto

Mulder

et al. 2014

Environmental Pollution

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Concentration characteristics of atmospheric PCBs for urban and rural area, Korea

Cited by 66 publications

References 30 publications

Atmospheric Dry Deposition of Polychlorinated Dibenzo-p-Dioxins/Dibenzofurans (PCDD/Fs) and Polychlorinated Biphenyls (PCBs) in Southern Taiwan

Atmospheric Dry Deposition of Polychlorinated Dibenzo-p-Dioxins/Dibenzofurans (PCDD/Fs) and Polychlorinated Biphenyls (PCBs) in Southern Taiwan

Seasonal Variation and Gas/Particle Partitioning of PCBs in Air from Central Urban Area of an Industrial Base and Coastal City -Tianjin, China

Does an analysis of polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) distribution in mountain soils across China reveal a latitudinal fractionation paradox?

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