Concentration- and time-dependent response of human gingival fibroblasts to fibroblast growth factor 2 immobilized on titanium dental implants

Abstract

Background: Titanium (Ti) implants are widely used clinically, but peri-implantitis remains one of the most common and serious complications. Healthy integration between gingival tissue and the implant surface is critical to long-term success in dental implant therapy. The objective of this study was to investigate how different concentrations of immobilized fibroblast growth factor 2 (FGF2) on the titania nanotubular surface influence the response of human gingival fibroblasts (HGFs). Methods: Pure Ti metal was anodized at 20 V to form a vertically organized titanium dioxide nanotube array on which three concentrations of FGF2 (250 ng/mL, 500 ng/mL, or 1000 ng/mL) were immobilized by repeated lyophilization. Surface topography was observed and FGF2 elution was detected using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The bioactivity changes of dissolvable immobilized FGF2 were measured by methyl-thiazolyl-tetrazolium assay. Behavior of HGFs was evaluated using adhesion and methyl-thiazolyl-tetrazolium bromide assays. Results: The FGF2 remained for several days on the modified surface on which HGFs were cultured. Over 90% of the dissolvable immobilized FGF2 had been eluted by Day 9, whereas the FGF2 activity was found to diminish gradually from Day 1 to Day 9. The titania nanotubular surface with an optimal preparing concentration (500 ng/mL) of FGF2 immobilization exhibited improved HGF functions such as cellular attachment, proliferation, and extracellular matrix-related gene expression. Moreover, significant bidirectional as well as concentration-and time-dependent bioactivity was observed. Conclusion: Synergism of the FGF2-impregnated titanium dioxide nanotubular surface revealed good gingival-implant integration, indicating that these materials might have promising applications in dentistry and other biomedical devices.

Influence of Anodized Titanium Surfaces on the Behavior of Gingival Cells in Contact with: A Systematic Review of In Vitro Studies

“…Table 3 summarizes the main characteristics of the reviewed studies. Pure titanium was the most common material used [8,9,13,14,16,[18][19][20][21]. Some studies included grade 2 or 4 titanium [11,12,15,17], but none of them proposed a protocol including grade 5 titanium, which is generally the titanium alloy used for trans-gingival components.…”

“…The choice of sterilization methods was described in 8 studies, whereas it can affect the biocompatibility of the TiO 2 surface. UV irradiation was chosen in 5 studies [9,10,16,20,21] and appears to be the most appropriate technique since it maintains the bioactivity of the nanostructure [23,24].…”

“…The electrolytes were almost all composed of a viscous mixture (based on glycerol or ethylene glycol) and water. The presence of fluoride ion F-was observed systematically, either as NH 4 F or HF at a concentration of approximately 0.5% [8,10,11,13,17,20,21]. In contrast, some protocols included less F-content: 0.3% [9,16], 0.15% [19], or more 1% [18].…”

Tuning Nanopore Diameter of Titanium Surfaces to Improve Human Gingival Fibroblast Response

“…The main challenge in developing a new generation of dental implants is to combine an improved osseointegration with a greater soft tissue integration around the implant, which will promote the durability of the implant [ 1 , 2 ]. An effective soft tissue barrier, with gingival tissue attached to the implant abutment, may improve protective functions, preventing periodontal disease (inflammation of the supporting tissues of the teeth with progressive attachment loss and bone destruction) [ 3 , 4 , 5 , 6 ].…”

Cellular Responses Modulated by FGF-2 Adsorbed on Albumin/Heparin Layer-by-Layer Assemblies

“…Among the (Alb/Hep) 2 surfaces tested, the (Alb/Hep) 2 FGF-2 adsLow assembly seems to support cells growth, especially in the early time intervals. Similarly, the study by Ma et al[ 26 ] showed improved cell proliferation of human gingival fibroblast on titanium with immobilized FGF-2. Almodovar et al[ 20 ] observed that FGF-2 adsorbed on chitosan/heparin films led to higher density of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) as compare to FGF-2 added into the culture media.…”