Concentration and speciation of heavy metals in six different sewage sludge-composts

Cai, Quan-Ying; Chen, Mo; Wu, Qi‐Tang; Zeng, Qiaoying; Katsoyiannis, Athanasios

doi:10.1016/j.jhazmat.2007.01.142

Cited by 195 publications

(95 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…The utilization of sewage sludge as soil fertilizer in agriculture is a viable solution for sustainable management of this waste material, as it involves the recycling of valuable non-toxic components (organic matter, nutrients, macroelements) and, in the same time, provides a low cost disposal option of the by-product [8,10,[15][16][17][18]24]. On one hand, this addition may represent a good alternative to prevent degradation of soils and to improve many physical, chemical and biological properties of soil [14,[25][26][27][28].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Temporal variability of sewage sludge heavy metal content from Greek wastewater treatment plants

Spanos

Ene

Patronidou

et al. 2016

Ecological Chemistry and Engineering S

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Abstract:The aim of this study was to evaluate the temporal variations of selected heavy metals level in anaerobic fermented and dewatered sewage sludge. Sewage sludge samples were collected in different seasons and years from three municipal wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) located in Northern Greece, in Kavala (Kavala and Palio localities) and Drama (Drama locality) Prefectures. An investigation of the potential of sludge utilization in agriculture was performed, based on the comparison of average total heavy metal concentrations and of chromium species (hexavalent, trivalent) concentrations with the allowed values according to the Council Directive 86/278/EEC and Greek national legislation (Joint Cabinet Decision 80568/4225/91) guidelines. In this regard, all the investigated heavy metals (Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb, Zn, Hg) and chromium species Cr(VI) and Cr(III) have average concentrations (dry matter weight) well below the legislated thresholds for soil application, as following: 2.12 mg kg -1 Cd; 103.7 mg kg -1 Cr; 136.4 mg kg -1 Cu; < 0.2 mg kg -1 Hg; 29.1 mg kg -1 Ni; 62.0 mg kg -1 Pb; 1253.2 mg kg -1 Zn; 1.56 mg kg -1 Cr(VI) and 115.7 mg kg -1 Cr(III). Values of relative standard deviation (RSD) indicate a low or moderate temporal variability for domestic-related metals Zn (10.3-14.7%), Pb (27.9-44.5%) and Cu (33.5-34.2%), and high variability for the metals of mixed origin or predominantly resulted from commercial activities, such as Ni (42.4-50.7%), Cd (44.3-85.5%) and Cr (58.2-102.0%). For some elements the seasonal occurrence pattern is the same for Kavala and Palio sludge, as following: a) Cd and Cr: spring>summer>winter; b) Cu, Ni and Pb: winter>spring>summer. On average, in summer months (dry season) metal concentrations are lower than in spring and winter (wet seasons), with the exception of Zn. For Kavala and Palio the results demonstrate that the increased number of inhabitants (almost doubled) in summer time due to tourism does not influence the metal levels in sludge. Comparing the results obtained for similar spring-summerwinter sequences in 2007 and 2010/11 and for the spring season in 2007, 2008 and 2010, it can be noticed that, in general, the average heavy metal contents show an increasing tendency towards the last year. In all the measurement periods, the Palio sludge had the highest metal contents and Kavala sludge the lowest, leading to the conclusion that the WWTP operating process rather than population has a significant effect upon the heavy metal content of sludge. Cr(VI)/Cr(total) concentration ratios are higher for Kavala sludge in the majority of sampling campaigns, followed by Drama and Palio sludge. The metals which present moderate to strong positive correlation have common origin, which could be a domestic-commercial mixed source.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Temporal variability of sewage sludge heavy metal content from Greek wastewater treatment plants

Spanos

Ene

Patronidou

et al. 2016

Ecological Chemistry and Engineering S

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“…Organic compounds identified in it include [8][9][10][11]: dioxins and furans, polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), organochlorine pesticides, adsorbed and extracted chloro derivatives, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), phenols and their derivatives, phthalates, sex hormones and others. The group of hazardous inorganic compounds assayed in sewage sludge contain primarily various heavy metals at a wide range of concentrations (mg/kg dry basis for raw sewage) [12][13][14][15][16][17][18]: arsenic 3-230, cadmium 1-3410, chromium 10-990,000, copper 80-2300, nickel 2-179, lead 13-465, and zinc 101-49,000.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of Organic and Inorganic Contaminants in Dried Sewage Sludge and By-Products of Dried Sewage Sludge Gasification

Werle

Dudziak

2014

Energies

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Organic and inorganic contaminants in sewage sludge may cause their presence also in the by-products formed during gasification processes. Thus, this paper presents multidirectional chemical instrumental activation analyses of dried sewage sludge as well as both solid (ash, char coal) and liquid (tar) by-products formed during sewage gasification in a fixed bed reactor which was carried out to assess the extent of that phenomenon. Significant differences were observed in the type of contaminants present in the solid and liquid by-products from the dried sewage sludge gasification. Except for heavy metals, the characteristics of the contaminants in the by-products, irrespective of their form (solid and liquid), were different from those initially determined in the sewage sludge. It has been found that gasification promotes the migration of certain valuable inorganic compounds from sewage sludge into solid by-products which might be recovered. On the other hand, the liquid by-products resulting from sewage sludge gasification require a separate process for their treatment or disposal due to their considerable loading with toxic and hazardous organic compounds (phenols and their derivatives).

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“…5 Comparison of heavy metal concentrations in different samples. TS this study (site 1), GS1 (Cai et al 2007) and GS2 (C.S. Zhang et al 2011) sewage sludge of Guangzhou, FS sewage sludge of Foshan (Cai et al 2007), BS sewage sludges of Beijing (Dai et al 2007), CS sewage sludge of Changsha (Yuan et al 2011), MS sewage sludge of China (T. B.…”

Section: Enrichment Factormentioning

confidence: 82%

“…TS this study (site 1), GS1 (Cai et al 2007) and GS2 (C.S. Zhang et al 2011) sewage sludge of Guangzhou, FS sewage sludge of Foshan (Cai et al 2007), BS sewage sludges of Beijing (Dai et al 2007), CS sewage sludge of Changsha (Yuan et al 2011), MS sewage sludge of China (T. B. Chen et al 2003), GC and GHP sediment from the Pearl River , ER and WR sediments from East River and West River (G. H. Zhou et al 2013), ZE1 (Woods et al 2012) and ZE2 (Ip et al 2007) sediments from Pearl River Estuary.…”

Section: Enrichment Factormentioning

confidence: 87%

Assessment of trace element contamination in sediment cores from the Pearl River and estuary, South China: geochemical and multivariate analysis approaches

Yang

Liu

Chen

et al. 2014

Environ Monit Assess

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Twenty-four major and trace elements and the mineralogical composition of four sediment cores along the Pearl River and estuary were analyzed using ICP-AES, ICP-MS, and X-ray diffraction (XRD) to evaluate contamination levels. The dominant minerals were quartz, kaolinite, and illite, followed by montmorillonite and feldspars, while small amounts of halite and calcite were also observed in a few samples. Cluster analysis (CA) and principal component analysis (PCA) were performed to identify the element sources. The highest metal concentrations were found at Huangpu, primarily due to wastewater treatment plant discharge and/or the surreptitious dumping of sludge, and these data differed from those of other sources. Excluding the data from Huangpu, the PCA showed that most elements could be considered as lithogenic; few elements are the combination of lithogenic and anthropogenic sources. An antagonistic relationship between the anthropogenic source metals (K, Ba, Zn, Pb, Cd, Ag, Tl, and U) and marine source metals (Na, Mg, Ti, V, and Ca) was observed. The resulting normalized Al enrichment factor (EF) indicated very high or significant pollution of Cd, Ag, Cu, Zn, Mo, and Pb at Huangpu, which may cause serious environmental effects. Conflicting results between the PCA and EF can be attributed to the background values used, indicating that background values must be selected carefully.

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Concentration and speciation of heavy metals in six different sewage sludge-composts

Cited by 195 publications

References 26 publications

Temporal variability of sewage sludge heavy metal content from Greek wastewater treatment plants

Temporal variability of sewage sludge heavy metal content from Greek wastewater treatment plants

Analysis of Organic and Inorganic Contaminants in Dried Sewage Sludge and By-Products of Dried Sewage Sludge Gasification

Assessment of trace element contamination in sediment cores from the Pearl River and estuary, South China: geochemical and multivariate analysis approaches

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